[103] It is true that in the solitude of great modern cities it is possible for small homosexual coteries to form, in a certain sense, an environment of their own, favorable to their abnormality; yet this fact hardly modifies the general statement made in the text.
[104] See especially Hirschfeld, Die Homosexualität, chs. xxiv and xxv.
[105] Ulrichs, in his Argonauticus, in 1869, estimated the number as only 25,000, but admitted that this was probably a decided underestimate. Bloch (Die Prostitution, Bd. i, p. 792) has found reason to believe that in Cologne in the fifteenth century the percentage was nearly as high as Hirschfeld finds it today. A few years earlier Bloch had believed (Beiträge, part i, p. 215, 1902) that Hirschfeld's estimate of 2 per cent, was "sheer nonsense."
[106] Hirschfeld mentions the case of two men, artists, one of them married, who were intimate friends for a great many years before each discovered that the other was an invert.
[107] See articles by Numa Praetorius and Fernan, maintaining that homosexuality is at least as frequent in France (Sexual-Probleme, March and December, 1909).
[108] Dr. Laupts, L'Homosexualité, 1910, pp. 413, 420.
[109] Näcke, Zeitschrift für Sexualwissenschaft, 1908, Heft 6.
[110] It is a fact significant of the French attitude toward homosexuality that the psychologist, Dr. Saint-Paul, when writing a book on this subject, though in a completely normal and correct manner, thought it desirable to adopt a pseudonym.
[111] A well-informed series of papers dealing with English homosexuality generally, and especially with London (L. Pavia, "Die männliche Homosexualität in England," Vierteljahrsberichte des wissenschaftlich-humanitären Komitees, 1909-1911) will be found instructive even by those who are familiar with London. And see also Hirschfeld, Die Homosexualität, ch. xxvi. Much information of historical nature concerning homosexuality in England will be found in Eugen Dühren (Iwan Bloch), Das Geschlechtsleben in England.
[112] This: is doubtless the reason why so many English inverts establish themselves outside England. Paris, Florence, Nice, Naples, Cairo, and other places, are said to swarm with homosexual Englishmen.