Ruta al Jahud, [42].
Ruthard, archbishop of Mayence, treachery of, against the Jews, [303].
Saad-Addaula, Jewish physician to Argun, Grand Khan of the Mongols, [638].
minister of finance, [646] f.
encourages learning, [648].
executed, [649].
Saadiah Gaon, [187]–[202].
career of, [188].
combats rationalism, [199].
conflict of, with the exilarch, [195] f.
death of, [202].
defends Judaism against Christianity and Islam, [199].
deposed from the Gaonate, [196].
"Emunoth we-Deoth," [197] f.
endeavors to reconcile reason with Talmud and Bible, [190].
excommunicated, [195].
founder of scientific Judaism, [188], [197].
Gaon of Sora, [193].
idea of, of God, [189] f.
inaugurates a new epoch of Jewish history, [187].
magnanimity of, [201].
personality of, [188].
polemics of, against the Karaites, [189] ff.
polemics of, against the Massora, [207].
re-instated into the Gaonate, [200] f.
retires to Bagdad, [196].
translates the Bible into Arabic, [189] f.
works of, [189] f., [192], [196] f.
Sabbataï ben Solomon of Rome, [630].
Sabureans (Saburaï), [6] f.
Safet, Jewish congregation of, takes the side of Maimonides, [633].
Safia, Jewess, captured by Mahomet, [83].
Sahal of Taberistan, Jewish physician and mathematician, [146].
Sahal, Abulsari, Karaite zealot, [203] f.