Nipped. The situation of a ship when forcibly pressed by ice on both sides.
Open-ice, or sailing-ice, is where the pieces are so separated as to admit of a ship sailing conveniently among them.
A pack is a body of drift-ice, of such magnitude that its extent is not discernible. A pack is open when the pieces of ice, though very near each other, do not generally touch, or closed when the pieces are in complete contact.
A patch is a collection of drift or bay-ice of a circular or polygonal form. In point of magnitude, a pack corresponds with a field, and a patch with a floe.
Pemmican. Meat cured, pulverized, and mixed with fat, containing much nutriment in a small compass.
Rue-raddy. A shoulder-belt to drag by.
Sconce pieces are broken floes of a diameter less than half a mile; and, occasionally, not above a hundred or a few hundred feet.
Sludge consists of a stratum of detached ice crystals, or of snow, or of the smaller fragments of brash-ice, floating on the surface of the sea.
A stream is an oblong collection of drift or bay-ice, the pieces of which are continuous. It is called a sea-stream when it is exposed on one side to the ocean, and affords shelter from the sea to whatever is within it.