Paint Technology and Tests

by Henry A. Gardner

No. 2, Quick Process White Lead:
	Sp. Gr. of pigment				6.78
	Lbs. to gallon oil				20.34
	Sp. Gr. of paint as received				2.47
	Wt. of paint per gallon				20.56
	Grams to panel				62
	Condition of paint				Good
	Working properties				Works easy
	Drying				24 hrs. all coats
	1 coat	Oct.	26	T 60	B 29.94	W. fair
	2 coat	Nov.	3	T 54	B 30.23	W. clear
	3 coat	Nov.	7	T 52	B 29.66	W. cloudy
No. 9, Orange Mineral (American):
	Sp. Gr. of pigment				8.97
	Lbs. to gallon oil				26.91
	Sp. Gr. of paint as received				2.97
	Wt. of paint per gallon				24.74
	Grams to panel				74.7
	Condition of paint				Good
	Working properties				Smooth—no brush marks
	Drying				Good
	1 coat	Oct.	28	T 58	B 30.01	W. cloudy
	2 coat	Nov.	4	T 65	B 29.61	W. cloudy
	3 coat	Nov.	9	T 58	B 29.91	W. clear

Composition of Paints. The [following table] gives data regarding the composition, etc., of paints applied to the steel panels.

Results of Inspection. The results of an inspection of the steel test plates, made by Sub-committee D representing Committee D-1 of the American Society for Testing Materials, is herewith presented:

“On Wednesday, June 28, 1911, the second inspection of the Atlantic City Steel Test Panels, erected in October, 1908, was made by Sub-committee D of Committee D-1, this Committee having agreed to report upon the condition of the painted surfaces, leaving any report on the comparative corrosion of the various types of metal used in the test to Committee A-5 on the corrosion of iron.

Pig- ment No.	Name				Sp. Gr. of Pig- ment		Wt. of Pigment to Gal. of oil Lbs.			Sp. Gr. of Paint Rec’d		Wt. of Paint per Gal. Lbs.		Grams Paint to Panel at 900 Sq. ft. spread- ing rate
1	Dutch process white lead				6	.83	20	.49		2	.45	20	.49	61	.0
2	Quick process white lead				6	.78	20	.34		2	.47	20	.34	62	.0
3	Zinc oxide				5	.56	16	.68		2	.12	16	.68	59	.0
4	Sublimed white lead				6	.45	19	.17		2	.36	19	.17	59	.0
5	Sublimed blue lead				6	.39	19	.17		2	.42	19	.17	61	.0
6	Lithopone				4	.26	12	.78		1	.80	12	.78	45	.3
7	Zinc lead white				4	.42	13	.26		1	.96	13	.26	49	.4
9	American orange mineral				8	.97	26	.91		2	.97	26	.91	74	.7
10	Red lead				8	.70	26	.10		2	.93	26	.10	73	.6
12	Bright red oxide				5	.26	15	.78		2	.05	15	.78	60	.0
14	Venetian red				3	.1	9	.30		1	.52	9	.30	38	.0
15	Prince’s metallic brown				3	.17	9	.51		1	.50	9	.51	37	.7
16	Natural graphite				2	.60	7	.80		1	.37	7	.80	34	.4
17	Acheson graphite				2	.21	6	.63		1	.22	6	.63	30	.8
19	{	Lampblack			1	.82	1	.82	}	1	.60	1	.82	40	.2
		Barytes					8	.92				8	.92
20	Willow charcoal				1	.49	4	.47		1	.08	4	.47	27	.0
21	{	Gas carbon black			1	.85	1	.39	}	1	.67	1	.39	50	.7
		Natural barytes					10	.03				10	.03
24	French yellow ochre				2	.94	8	.82		1	.46	8	.82	37	.0
27	Natural barytes				4	.46	13	.38		1	.83	13	.38	46	.0
28	Precipitated barytes (blanc fixe)				4	.23	12	.69		1	.84	12	.69	46	.0
29	Calcium carbonate (whiting)				5	.48	8	.22		1	.37	8	.22	34	.5
30	Calcium carbonate precipitated				2	.56	7	.68		1	.35	7	.68	34	.0
31	Calcium sulphate (gypsum)				2	.33	6	.99		1	.25	6	.99	31	.4
32	China clay (kaolin)				2	.67	8	.01		1	.34	8	.01	34	.0
33	Asbestine (silicate of magnesium)				2	.75	8	.25		1	.38	8	.25	34	.7
34	American vermilion (chrome scarlet)				6	.83	20	.49				20	.49	64	.5
36	Medium chrome yellow				5	.88	17	.64				17	.64	67	.1
39	Zinc chromate				3	.57	10	.71		1	.57	10	.71	39	.2
40	Zinc and barium chromate				3	.45	10	.35		1	.58	10	.35	40	.0
41	Chrome green (blue tone)				4	.44	13	.32		1	.94	13	.32	49	.0
44	Prussian blue				1	.96	5	.88				5	.88	30	.0
45	Prussian blue				1	.93	5	.79				5	.79	34	.5
48	Ultramarine blue				2	.40	7	.20		1	.29	7	.20	32	.5
49	Zinc and lead chromate				4	.76	14	.28		1	.92	14	.28	48	.3
51	Magnetic black oxide						15	.00		1	.92	15		48	.3
	Composite Paints
111	Brown		⎫	Made from pigments that were inhibitive in the water test			10	.82		1	.30	10	.82	32	.7
222	Black		⎬				10	.86		1	.30	10	.86	32	.8
333	White		⎪				14	.52		1	.74	14	.52	43	.8
444	Green		⎭				12	.77		1	.53	12	.77	38	.6
555	Black		⎫	Made from pigments that were stimulative in the water test			9	.37		1	.125	9	.37	28	.
666	Brown		⎬				11	.74		1	.41	11	.74	35	.5
777	White		⎪				14	.55		1	.75	14	.55	44	.
888	Green		⎭				14	.57		1	.75	14	.57	14	.57

“According to the amount of rust apparent on the painted surfaces of the panels, as well as the degree of checking, chalking, scaling, cracking, peeling, loss of color, and other signs of paint failure shown, ratings were given each panel. The system of rating which took into consideration all the above conditions, was similar to the system used at the first inspection during 1910, when 0 (zero) recorded the worst results and 10 (ten) the best results.

“In [Table No. 1] there is shown the rating accorded by each inspector to each panel, as well as an average for each panel.

Table No. 1.—Second Inspection of Steel Paint Test Panels at Atlantic City, N. J.,
by Sub-committee D of Committee D-1

Panel No.	Pigment			W. H. Walker		P. H. Walker		H. A. Gardner Chair- man		C. Chap- man		Aver- age
1	Dutch process white lead			2		3		3		5		3.7
2	Quick process white lead			4		4		3		6		4.2
3	Zinc oxide (XX)			1		1	½	1		2	½	1.5
4	Sublimed white lead			9		9	½	9		8	½	9.0
5	Sublimed blue lead			9		9	½	9	½	7	½	8.8
6	Lithopone			2		1	½	2		3	½	2.2
7	Zinc lead white			3		4		5		7		4.7
9	Orange mineral			9		9		9		6	½	8.3
10	Red lead			9		9		9		6	½	8.3
12	Bright red oxide			8	½	9		8		7		8.1
14	Venetian red			7		9		7		9		8.0
15	Prince’s metallic brown			5		7	½	6		8		6.3
16	Natural graphite			6		8		4		9	½	6.8
17	Artificial graphite			5		7	½	4		7		5.9
19	Lampblack			5		7	½	5		8		6.3
20	Willow charcoal			9		8	½	9		9		8.8
21	Carbon black			7		8	½	5		8	½	7.2
24	Yellow ochre (French)			5		7		2		8		5.5
27	Barytes (natural)			1		1		1		0		0.7
28	Barytes (precipitated)			2		1	½	2		2		1.8
29	Calcium carbonate (whiting)			0		0		0		0		0.0
30	Calcium carbonate (precipitated)			0		0		0		0		0.0
31	Calcium sulphate (gypsum)			1		1		1		3		1.7
32	China clay (kaolin)			6		6		7		6	½	6.3
33	Asbestine (magnes. silicate)			5		4	½	6		5		5.1
34	American vermilion			10		10		10		10		10.0
36	Lead chromate			7		7	½	8	½	8		7.7
39	Zinc chromate			9		9		10		9	½	9.5
40	Zinc and barium chromate			9		9	½	10		9	½	9.5
41	Chrome green (blue tone)			10		10		10		9	½	9.8
44	Prussian blue, W. S			9		9	½	9	½	9		9.0
45	Prussian blue, W. I			8		9	½	8	½	8	½	8.5
48	Ultramarine blue			0		0		0		0		0.0
49	Zinc and lead chromate			10		9	½	10		9	½	9.7
51	Magnetic black oxide			9		9	½	10		9	½	9.5
111	Brown composite paint			7		9		9		9		8.5
222	Black composite paint			9		9		9		8	½	8.8
3333	White composite paint			4		4		7		3		4.5
444	Green composite paint			5		7		7		8		6.7
555	Black composite paint			9		9		6		9		8.2
666	Brown composite paint			8		8		6		9		7.7
777	White composite paint			7		10		5		7		7.2
888	Green composite paint			7		8		8		9		8.0
2000	1 coat zinc chromate	}		8		8	½	8		8		8.1
	1 coat iron oxide excluder
3000	1 coat lead chromate			7		8		7		7	½	7.3
4000	1 coat red lead	}		7		8	½	8		7	½	7.7
	1 coat iron oxide excluder
100	Straight carbon black paint with turps and drier			5		8	½	4		8	½	6.5
90	Straight lampblack paint with turps and drier			5		7		3		8		5.7
5555	Coal tar paint over red lead			4		8		2		7		5.2
1000	Chrome resinate in oil (1 coat)			1		0		0		2		0.7
1 plate	3 coats boiled linseed oil			1		0		1		4		1.5