Paint Technology and Tests

by Henry A. Gardner

Table 1. Analyses of Oils Used in the Vehicle Tests

	Specific Gravity		Saponifi- cation Number		Iodine Number		Acid Number
Raw linseed oil	0.93	1	188		186		2.0
Boiled linseed oil (linoleate type)	0.94	1	187		172		2.7
Boiled linseed oil (resinate type)	0.93	0	186		176		2.2
Blown linseed oil	0.96	8	189		133		2.8
Lithographic linseed oil	0.97	0	199		102		2.7
Soya bean oil	0.92	4	189		129		2.3
Menhaden oil	0.93	2	187		158		3.9
Perilla oil	0.94		188		180		2.0
Chinese wood oil (raw)	0.94	4	183		166		3.8
Chinese wood oil (treated)[29]	0.89	8[29]	128	[29]	104	[29]	6.8	[29]
Corn oil	0.92	5	191		118		9.5
Cottonseed oil	0.92	1	193		105		3.6
Rosin oil	0.96	6	27		41		16.7
Whale oil	0.92	4	191		148		—
Neutral petroleum oil[30]	0.91	6	6		12		—

[29] Low constants due to presence of over 40% of volatile matter, largely petroleum spirits.

[30] This oil contained over 20% of petroleum spirits.

“The pigment formula selected for the tests had the following composition:

	Basic carbonate-white lead	20%
	Zinc oxide	35%
	Magnesium silicate	10%
	Barytes	5%
100 lbs. of pigment base ground to a stiff paste in 16 lbs. of linseed oil.

“While this pigment formula was not selected as being superior to certain other formulas, it is of a type that has given very fair service in paint tests throughout the country, and will no doubt serve admirably for the purpose designed in these tests.

“The vehicle formulas in the finished paints are as follows:

	No. 1
	Raw linseed oil	100%
	No. 2[31]
	Soya bean oil	100%
	No. 3[32]
	Menhaden oil	100%
	No. 4
	Raw linseed oil	25%
	Boiled linseed oil (resinate)	75%
	No. 5
	Raw linseed oil	25%
	Boiled linseed oil (linoleate)	75%
	No. 6
	Raw linseed oil	50%
	Boiled linseed oil (resinate)	50%
	No. 7
	Raw linseed oil	50%
	Boiled linseed oil (linoleate)	50%
	No. 8
	Raw linseed oil	50%
	Blown linseed oil	50%
	No. 9
	Raw linseed oil	50%
	Litho. linseed oil	50%
	No. 10
	Raw linseed oil	50%
	Soya bean oil	50%
	No. 11
	Raw linseed oil	50%
	Menhaden oil	50%
	No. 12
	Raw linseed oil	50%
	Perilla oil	50%
	No. 13
	Raw linseed oil	50%
	Treated wood oil	50%
	No. 14
	Raw linseed oil	50%
	Corn oil	50%
	No. 15
	Raw linseed oil	50%
	Cottonseed oil	50%
	No. 16
	Raw linseed oil	50%
	Rosin oil	50%
	No. 17
	Raw linseed oil	50%
	Whale oil	50%
	No. 18
	Raw linseed oil	75%
	Soya bean oil	25%
	No. 19
	Raw linseed oil	75%
	Menhaden oil	25%
	No. 20
	Raw linseed oil	75%
	Perilla oil	25%
	No. 21
	Raw linseed oil	75%
	Treated wood oil	25%
	No. 22
	Raw linseed oil	75%
	Corn oil	25%
	No. 23
	Raw linseed oil	75%
	Cottonseed oil	25%
	No. 24
	Raw linseed oil	75%
	Rosin oil	25%
	No. 25
	Raw linseed oil	50%
	Soya bean oil	25%
	Menhaden oil	25%
	No. 26
	Raw linseed oil	50%
	Soya bean oil	25%
	Treated wood oil	25%
	No. 27
	Blown linseed oil	50%
	Soya bean oil	50%
	No. 28
	Raw linseed oil	25%
	Soya bean oil	25%
	Menhaden oil	25%
	Treated wood oil	25%
	No. 29
	Raw linseed oil	25%
	Soya bean oil	25%
	Menhaden oil	25%
	Corn oil	25%
	No. 30
	Raw linseed oil	25%
	Soya bean oil	25%
	Menhaden oil	25%
	Cottonseed oil	25%
	No. 31
	Raw linseed oil	25%
	Soya bean oil	25%
	Menhaden oil	25%
	Rosin oil	25%
	No. 32
	Raw linseed oil	25%
	Soya bean oil	25%
	Treated wood oil	25%
	Rosin oil	25%
	No. 33
	Raw linseed oil	20%
	Soya bean oil	20%
	Treated wood oil	20%
	Menhaden oil	20%
	Cottonseed oil	20%
	No. 34
	Raw linseed oil	20%
	Soya bean oil	20%
	Treated wood oil	20%
	Menhaden oil	20%
	Rosin oil	20%
	No. 35
	Raw linseed oil	40%
	Soya bean oil	20%
	Corn oil	20%
	Cottonseed oil	20%
	No. 36
	Whale oil	33%
	Treated wood oil	33%
	Raw linseed oil	33%
	No. 37
	Raw linseed oil	25%
	L. O.[33]	75%
	No. 38
	Raw linseed oil	50%
	Raw Chinese wood oil	50%
	No. 39
	Raw linseed oil	75%
	Reducing oil[34]	25%
	No. 40
	Raw linseed oil	50%
	Soya bean oil	35%
	Neutral petroleum oil	15%
	No. 41
	Raw linseed oil	50%
	Soya bean oil	25%
	Neutral petroleum oil	15%
	Tungate drier	10%
	No. 42
	Linseed oil	25%
	Soya bean oil	37%
	Neutral petroleum oil	23%
	Tungate drier	15%
	No. 43
	Raw linseed oil	25%
	Soya bean oil	37%
	Whale oil	19%
	Tungate drier	19%
	No. 44
Special test on white base of the following composition, in pure linseed oil:
	Asbestine	10%
	Corroded white lead	20%
	Sublimed white lead	30%
	Zinc oxide	40%
Upper board of panel reduced with straight turpentine on priming coat.
Second board of panel reduced with wood turpentine on priming coat.
Third board of panel reduced with pine oil on priming coat.
Bottom board of panel reduced with petroleum spirits on priming coat.
	No. 45
	Same pigment formula as No. 44, reduced with:
	Pine oil	50%
	Linseed oil	50%
	No. 46
Special test of white base of the following composition, in pure linseed oil:
	Corroded white lead	20%
	Sublimed white lead	30%
	Zinc oxide	35%
	Asbestine	15%
	No. 47
	Cypress panel unpainted.
	No. 48
Cypress panel painted with formula No. 1, thinned with benzol on thepriming coat.