TABLE SHOWING TOTALS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION OF VEHICLE PASSING PER HOUR AND PER DAY OF 12 HOURS THROUGH CERTAIN STREETS WITHIN THE CITY OF LONDON.

Date.Situation.Hours EndingTotal of 12 HoursAverage per Hour.
9 A. M.10 A. M.11 A. M.12 Noon1 P. M.2 P. M.3 P. M.4 P. M.5 P. M.6 P. M.7 P. M.8 P. M.
1850.
July 8Temple Bar Gate3115267047576916647917377386715376147741645
„ 9Holborn-hill, by St. And. Ch.3275526706986236065353779154458413176906575
„ 10Ludgate-hill, by Pilgrim-st.3614767286367895146285316195845434206829569
„ 11Newgate-st., by Old Bailey3205286285095555375647385725634673946375531
„ 12Aldersgate-st., by Fann-st.1682612081962142351942192352332291982590215
„ 13Cheapside by Foster-lane473805112411691020100910071076110696480849211053921
„ 15Poultry, by Mansion House41476210711080104394187591095682580259510274856
„ 16Finsbury-pave., by South-pl2623854753873643452933474834754002444460371
„ 17Cornhill, by Roy. Exchange1613644794614874414934514684303543274916409
„ 18Threadneedle-street981452622142111542121951982051481082150179
„ 19Gracech-st., by St. Pet.-alley2583224395073924234645164614363383314887407
„ 20Lombard-st., by Birchin-la1371171561881692322373042432091301062228185
„ 22Bishopsg.-st., by Gt St. Hel.2594085004303962384394325414504043454842403
„ 23London Bridge680112813321124109410481101118013441308962798130991091
„ 24Bishp.-st. out, by Cy. Bound2033294472863073423903354304393232794110342
„ 25Aldgate High-street by Cy. Bound4254224174424453793894094054013312894754396
„ 26Leadenhall-st., E. I. House2514295954955945635255694665884374185930494
„ 27Eastcheap, by Philpot-lane3353463983723783433683933983492941284102341
„ 29Tower-street, by Mark-lane1692222622712923242902622822381641142890240
„ 30L. Thames-st, by Botolph-la8813017510510510811814716812169461380115
„ 31Blackfriars Bridge3273815185164653363854165705484633375262438
Aug. 1U. Thames-st., rear of Qn.-st140227165223205160164213253312176932331194
„ 2Smithfield Bars2032302022772762553342673282892881593108259
„ 3Fenchurch-street2062622533432932692723273642592495453642303
6576975712208116861140810466110681135112543113429757769712585910488
Date.Situation.Hours Ending
9 A. M.10 A. M.11 A. M.12 Noon1 P. M.2 P. M.
1850.
July 8Temple Bar Gate311526704757691664
„ 9Holborn-hill, by St. And. Ch.327552670698623606
„ 10Ludgate-hill, by Pilgrim-st.361476728636789514
„ 11Newgate-st., by Old Bailey320528628509555537
„ 12Aldersgate-st., by Fann-st.168261208196214235
„ 13Cheapside by Foster-lane4738051124116910201009
„ 15Poultry, by Mansion House414762107110801043941
„ 16Finsbury-pave., by South-pl262385475387364345
„ 17Cornhill, by Roy. Exchange161364479461487441
„ 18Threadneedle-street98145262214211154
„ 19Gracech-st., by St. Pet.-alley258322439507392423
„ 20Lombard-st., by Birchin-la137117156188169232
„ 22Bishopsg.-st., by Gt St. Hel.259408500430396238
„ 23London Bridge68011281332112410941048
„ 24Bishp.-st. out, by Cy. Bound203329447286307342
„ 25Aldgate High-street by Cy. Bound425422417442445379
„ 26Leadenhall-st., E. I. House251429595495594563
„ 27Eastcheap, by Philpot-lane335346398372378343
„ 29Tower-street, by Mark-lane169222262271292324
„ 30L. Thames-st, by Botolph-la88130175105105108
„ 31Blackfriars Bridge327381518516465336
Aug. 1U. Thames-st., rear of Qn.-st140227165223205160
„ 2Smithfield Bars203230202277276255
„ 3Fenchurch-street206262253343293269
6576975712208116861140810466
Date.Situation.Hours EndingTotal of 12 HoursAverage per Hour.
3 P. M.4 P. M.5 P. M.6 P. M.7 P. M.8 P. M.
1850.
July 8Temple Bar Gate7917377386715376147741645
„ 9Holborn-hill, by St. And. Ch.5353779154458413176906575
„ 10Ludgate-hill, by Pilgrim-st.6285316195845434206829569
„ 11Newgate-st., by Old Bailey5647385725634673946375531
„ 12Aldersgate-st., by Fann-st.1942192352332291982590215
„ 13Cheapside by Foster-lane10071076110696480849211053921
„ 15Poultry, by Mansion House87591095682580259510274856
„ 16Finsbury-pave., by South-pl2933474834754002444460371
„ 17Cornhill, by Roy. Exchange4934514684303543274916409
„ 18Threadneedle-street2121951982051481082150179
„ 19Gracech-st., by St. Pet.-alley4645164614363383314887407
„ 20Lombard-st., by Birchin-la2373042432091301062228185
„ 22Bishopsg.-st., by Gt St. Hel.4394325414504043454842403
„ 23London Bridge1101118013441308962798130991091
„ 24Bishp.-st. out, by Cy. Bound3903354304393232794110342
„ 25Aldgate High-street by Cy. Bound3894094054013312894754396
„ 26Leadenhall-st., E. I. House5255694665884374185930494
„ 27Eastcheap, by Philpot-lane3683933983492941284102341
„ 29Tower-street, by Mark-lane2902622822381641142890240
„ 30L. Thames-st, by Botolph-la11814716812169461380115
„ 31Blackfriars Bridge3854165705484633375262438
Aug. 1U. Thames-st., rear of Qn.-st164213253312176932331194
„ 2Smithfield Bars3342673282892881593108259
„ 3Fenchurch-street2723273642592495453642303
110681135112543113429757769712585910488

TABLE SHOWING THE TOTAL NUMBER OF EACH DESCRIPTION OF VEHICLE PASSING THROUGH CERTAIN STREETS WITHIN THE CITY OF LONDON, BETWEEN THE HOURS OF 8 A.M. AND 8 P.M. (12 Hours.)

Date.Situation.Total Number of Vehicles drawn byTotal of the whole.Average Number per Hour.Average of the whole.
1 Horse and Equestrians.2 Horses.3 Horses or more.1 Horse and Equestrians.2 Horses.3 Horses or more.
8th July, 1850.Temple Bar Gate50352498208774141920617645
9th „Holborn Hill, by St. Andrew’s Church49741797135690641414911575
10th „Ludgate Hill, by Pilgrim-street425924838768293542077569
11th „Newgate-street, by Old Bailey448417959663753731498531
12th „Aldersgate-street, by Fann-street199047912125901654010215
13th „Cheapside, by Foster-lane710737941521105359231612921
15th „Poultry, by Mansion House628338691221027452333210856
16th „Finsbury Pavement, by South-place290414589844602421218371
17th „Cornhill, by Royal Exchange276120748149162301727409
18th „Threadneedle-street1536587272150128492179
19th „Gracechurch-st., by St. Peter’s-alley35051223159488729210213407
20th „Lombard-street, by Birchin-lane2019195142228168161185
22nd „Bishopsgate-st., by Great St. Helen’s327014779548422721238403
23rd „London Bridge9351338935913099779282301091
24th „Bishopsgate-st., out, by City Boundy27691273684110301065342
25th „Aldgate High-street, by City Boundy32221378154475426811412396
26th „Leadenhall-street, East India House39701841119593033015310494
27th „Eastcheap, by Philpot-lane348146415741022903813341
29th „Tower-street, by Mark-lane24163691052890201308240
30th „Lower Thames-st., by Botolph-lane118715241138098123115
31st „Blackfriars Bridge413293519552623447816438
1st Aug.Upper Thames-st., rear of Queen-st.175642814723311463512194
2nd „Smithfield Bars2843193723108237166259
3rd „Fenchurch-street3050518743642254436303
883043466928861258597358288924010488
Date.Situation.Total Number of Vehicles drawn byTotal of the whole.
1 Horse and Equestrians.2 Horses.3 Horses or more.
8th July, 1850.Temple Bar Gate503524982087741
9th „Holborn Hill, by St. Andrew’s Church497417971356906
10th „Ludgate Hill, by Pilgrim-street42592483876829
11th „Newgate-street, by Old Bailey44841795966375
12th „Aldersgate-street, by Fann-street19904791212590
13th „Cheapside, by Foster-lane7107379415211053
15th „Poultry, by Mansion House6283386912210274
16th „Finsbury Pavement, by South-place29041458984460
17th „Cornhill, by Royal Exchange27612074814916
18th „Threadneedle-street1536587272150
19th „Gracechurch-st., by St. Peter’s-alley350512231594887
20th „Lombard-street, by Birchin-lane2019195142228
22nd „Bishopsgate-st., by Great St. Helen’s32701477954842
23rd „London Bridge9351338935913099
24th „Bishopsgate-st., out, by City Boundy27691273684110
25th „Aldgate High-street, by City Boundy322213781544754
26th „Leadenhall-street, East India House397018411195930
27th „Eastcheap, by Philpot-lane34814641574102
29th „Tower-street, by Mark-lane24163691052890
30th „Lower Thames-st., by Botolph-lane1187152411380
31st „Blackfriars Bridge41329351955262
1st Aug.Upper Thames-st., rear of Queen-st.17564281472331
2nd „Smithfield Bars2843193723108
3rd „Fenchurch-street3050518743642
88304346692886125859
Date.Situation.Average Number per Hour.Average of the whole.
1 Horse and Equestrians.2 Horses.3 Horses or more.
8th July, 1850.Temple Bar Gate41920617645
9th „Holborn Hill, by St. Andrew’s Church41414911575
10th „Ludgate Hill, by Pilgrim-street3542077569
11th „Newgate-street, by Old Bailey3731498531
12th „Aldersgate-street, by Fann-street1654010215
13th „Cheapside, by Foster-lane59231612921
15th „Poultry, by Mansion House52333210856
16th „Finsbury Pavement, by South-place2421218371
17th „Cornhill, by Royal Exchange2301727409
18th „Threadneedle-street128492179
19th „Gracechurch-st., by St. Peter’s-alley29210213407
20th „Lombard-street, by Birchin-lane168161185
22nd „Bishopsgate-st., by Great St. Helen’s2721238403
23rd „London Bridge779282301091
24th „Bishopsgate-st., out, by City Boundy301065342
25th „Aldgate High-street, by City Boundy26811412396
26th „Leadenhall-street, East India House33015310494
27th „Eastcheap, by Philpot-lane2903813341
29th „Tower-street, by Mark-lane201308240
30th „Lower Thames-st., by Botolph-lane98123115
31st „Blackfriars Bridge3447816438
1st Aug.Upper Thames-st., rear of Queen-st.1463512194
2nd „Smithfield Bars237166259
3rd „Fenchurch-street254436303
7358288924010488

The commodities whose residuum goes to swell the annual supply of rubbish, are generally of an earthy nature. Such commodities as are made of fibrous or textile materials, go, when “used up,” chiefly to form manure if of an animal nature, and to be converted into paper if of a vegetable origin. The refuse materials of our woollen clothes, our old coats and trousers, are either torn to pieces and re-manufactured into shoddy, or become the invigorators of our hop and other plants; whereas those of our linen or cotton garments, our old shirts and petticoats, form the materials of our books and letters; while our old ropes, &c., are converted into either brown paper or oakum. Those commodities, on the other hand, which are made of leathern materials, become, when worn out, the ingredients of the prussiate of potash and other nitrogenised products manufactured by our chemists. Our old wooden commodities, again, are used principally to kindle our fires; while the refuse of our fires themselves, whether the soot which is deposited in the chimney above, or the ashes which fall below, are employed mainly to increase the fertility of our land. Our worn-out metal commodities, on the other hand, are newly melted, and go to form fresh commodities when the metals are of the scarcer kind, as gold, silver, copper, brass, lead, and even iron; and when of the more common kind, as is the case with old tin, and occasionally iron vessels, they either become the ingredients in some of our chemical manufactures, or else when formed of tin are cut up into smaller and inferior commodities. Even the detritus of our streets is used as the soil of our market gardens. All this we have already seen, and we have now to deal more particularly with the refuse of the sole remaining materials, viz., those of an earthy kind, and out of which are made our bricks, our earthenware and porcelain, as well as our glass, plaster, and stone commodities. What becomes of all these materials when the articles made of them are no longer fit for use? The old glass is, like the old metal, re-melted and made into new commodities; some broken bottles are used for the tops of walls as a protection against trespassers; and the old bricks, when sound, are employed again for inferior brick-work; but what becomes of the rest of the earthen materials—the unsound bricks or “bats,” the old plaster and mortar, the refuse slates and tiles and chimney-pots, the broken pans, and dishes, and other crocks—in a word, the potsherds and pansherds[34], as the rubbish-carters call them—what is done with these?

But rubbish, as we have seen, consists not only of refuse earthen commodities, but of refuse earth itself: such as the soil removed during excavations for the foundations of houses, for the cuttings of railways, the levelling of roads, the formation of parks, the laying down of pipes or drains, and the sinking of wells. For each and all of these operations there is necessarily a certain quantity of soil removed, and the question that naturally occurs to the mind is, what is done with it?