The operative rubbish-carters (except in a very few instances) never work in gangs, either in the construction of new buildings or in old buildings about to be pulled down or repaired. In digging the foundations of new houses, the master builders, or speculators, building upon their own ground employ their own excavators, and engage rubbish-carters to remove the refuse earth, the latter being merely occupied in carting it away.
The principle of simple co-operation or gang-work occasionally prevails; and, when this is the case, the gang is employed in shovelling and picking, while the carman, as the shovellers throw out the rubbish, fills or shovels the rubbish into the cart.
Each rubbish-carter will, on an average, convey away from two to five loads a day, according to the distance he has to take it. Calculating 850 men to remove four loads per diem for five months in a year, the gross quantity of rubbish annually removed would be very nearly 326,000 loads.
In the regular trade the hours of daily labour are twelve, or from six to six; but the men are allowed half an hour for breakfast, an hour for dinner, and half an hour for tea, and almost invariably leave at half-past five, so postponing the “tea” half-hour until after the termination of their work. In winter the hours are generally “between the lights,” but on very short, dark, or foggy days, lanterns are used. The men employed by one firm “often made up,” I was told by one of them, “for lost time, by shovelling by moonlight.” The carman, however, has to get to his stable in the summer at four o’clock in the morning, and to tend his horse after he has done work at night; so that the usual hours of labour with him are fifteen and sixteen per day, as well as Sunday-work.
TABLE SHOWING THE NUMBER OF OPERATIVE RUBBISH-CARTERS EMPLOYED THROUGHOUT LONDON, THE WAGES RECEIVED BY THEM, THE NUMBER OF WEEKS THEY ARE EMPLOYED, AS WELL AS THE QUANTITY OF RUBBISH REMOVED BY THEM IN THE COURSE OF THE YEAR.
| Master Rubbish Carters. | No. of Operative Rubbish-Carting. | No. of Shovellers working in Gangs. | Quantity of Rubbish carted Daily. | Quantity of Rubbish carted Annually. | No. of days in the week each Operative is employed at Rubbish-Carting. | No. of weeks during the year each Operative is engaged in Removing Rubbish. | Weekly Wages of Rubbish-Carters. | Weekly Wages of the Operatives working in Gangs at Rubbish-Carting. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| lds. | loads. | s. | s. | ||||||
| Kensington. | Mr. J. Bird | 5 | .. | 15 | 2340 | 6 | 26 | 18 | .. |
| — Hough | 3 | .. | 9 | 1404 | 6 | 26 | 18 | .. | |
| — Dubbins | 3 | .. | 9 | 1404 | 6 | 26 | 18 | .. | |
| — Taylor | 3 | .. | 12 | 1872 | 6 | 26 | 18 | .. | |
| — Gale | 3 | .. | 12 | 1872 | 6 | 26 | 18 | .. | |
| — G. Bird | 10 | .. | 20 | 3120 | 6 | 26 | 18 | .. | |
| Chelsea. | — Nicholls | 10 | .. | 20 | 3120 | 6 | 26 | 18 | .. |
| — Emmerson | 5 | .. | 15 | 2340 | 6 | 26 | 18 | .. | |
| — Freeman | 5 | .. | 15 | 2340 | 6 | 26 | 18 | .. | |
| — Pattison | 2 | .. | 6 | 936 | 6 | 26 | 18 | .. | |
| — Porter | 6 | .. | 18 | 2808 | 6 | 26 | 18 | .. | |
| St. George’s, Hanover-sq. | — Rawlins | 4 | .. | 16 | 1248 | 6 | 13 | 18 | .. |
| — Wells | 2 | .. | 8 | 624 | 6 | 13 | 18 | .. | |
| — Watkins | 5 | .. | 15 | 1170 | 6 | 13 | 18 | .. | |
| — Liddiard | 5 | .. | 15 | 1170 | 6 | 13 | 18 | .. | |
| Westminster. | — Farmer | 4 | .. | 16 | 1920 | 6 | 20 | 18 | .. |
| — Bugbee | 6 | 4 | 30 | 2340 | 6 | 13 | 18 | 18 | |
| — Reddin | 6 | 4 | 30 | 2340 | 6 | 13 | 18 | 18 | |
| — Francis | 5 | .. | 20 | 3120 | 6 | 26 | 18 | .. | |
| Westminster Improvements. | — Chadwick | 3 | .. | 15 | 2340 | 6 | 26 | 18 | .. |
| — Francis | 5 | .. | 20 | 3120 | 6 | 26 | 18 | .. | |
| — Farmer | 5 | .. | 20 | 3120 | 6 | 26 | 18 | .. | |
| — Duggan | 8 | .. | 40 | 6240 | 6 | 26 | 18 | .. | |
| St. Martin’s. | — T. Cooper | 3 | 3 | 24 | 1872 | 6 | 13 | 18 | 20 |
| — Wall | 2 | 2 | 16 | 1248 | 6 | 13 | 18 | 20 | |
| — Duggan | 4 | .. | 16 | 1248 | 6 | 13 | 18 | .. | |
| St. James’s, Westminster. | — Nicolls | 5 | .. | 20 | 1560 | 6 | 13 | 18 | .. |
| — Wells | 2 | .. | 8 | 624 | 6 | 13 | 18 | .. | |
| — Watkins | 5 | .. | 15 | 810 | 6 | 9 | 18 | .. | |
| Mary-le-bone. | — Freeman | 3 | .. | 12 | 2808 | 6 | 39 | 18 | .. |
| — Curmock | 4 | .. | 16 | 2496 | 6 | 26 | 18 | .. | |
| — Nicolls | 8 | .. | 24 | 1872 | 3 | 26 | 18 | .. | |
| — Watkins | 10 | .. | 40 | 4160 | 4 | 26 | 18 | .. | |
| — Perkins | 5 | .. | 20 | 3120 | 6 | 26 | 18 | .. | |
| — Culverwell | 5 | .. | 20 | 3120 | 6 | 26 | 18 | .. | |
| West London. | — Rutty | 3 | .. | 12 | 360 | 5 | 6 | 18 | .. |
| — Kitchener | 3 | .. | 15 | 360 | 6 | 4 | 18 | .. | |
| — Wickham | 3 | .. | 12 | 240 | 5 | 4 | 18 | .. | |
| — Porter | 4 | .. | 16 | 864 | 6 | 9 | 18 | .. | |
| West London Improvements. | — Crook | 3 | .. | 6 | 468 | 6 | 13 | 18 | .. |
| — M’Carthy | 6 | .. | 30 | 4680 | 6 | 26 | 20 | .. | |
| — Reddin | 5 | .. | 25 | 3900 | 6 | 26 | 18 | .. | |
| — Rooke | 6 | .. | 30 | 4680 | 6 | 26 | 18 | .. | |
| — Bugbee | 5 | .. | 25 | 3900 | 6 | 26 | 18 | .. | |
| — Chadwick | 5 | .. | 25 | 3900 | 6 | 26 | 18 | .. | |
| London City. | — Bateman | 3 | .. | 12 | 288 | 6 | 4 | 18 | .. |
| — Tame | 4 | .. | 12 | 216 | 6 | 3 | 18 | .. | |
| — Walker | 2 | .. | 8 | 144 | 6 | 3 | 18 | .. | |
| — Harmadu | 3 | .. | 9 | 216 | 6 | 4 | 18 | .. | |
| — Bindy | 2 | .. | 6 | 72 | 3 | 4 | 18 | .. | |
| London City Improvements. | — Duggan | 10 | .. | 50 | 7800 | 6 | 26 | 16 | .. |
| — Bugbee | 20 | .. | 100 | 15600 | 6 | 26 | 18 | .. | |
| — Gould | 10 | .. | 50 | 7800 | 6 | 26 | 18 | .. | |
| Shoreditch. | — Booth | 5 | .. | 20 | 360 | 3 | 6 | 18 | .. |
| — Styles | 2 | .. | 8 | 96 | 3 | 4 | 18 | .. | |
| — Wood | 5 | .. | 20 | 780 | 3 | 13 | 18 | .. | |
| — Gould | 5 | .. | 20 | 1560 | 6 | 13 | 18 | .. | |
| Bethnal Green. | — Calvert | 2 | .. | 8 | 240 | 3 | 10 | 15 | .. |
| — Newman | 2 | .. | 6 | 234 | 3 | 13 | 16 | .. | |
| — Rooke | 4 | .. | 16 | 624 | 3 | 13 | 18 | .. | |
| — Tilley | 3 | .. | 12 | 936 | 6 | 13 | 18 | .. | |
| Whitechapel. | — Newman | 3 | .. | 9 | 216 | 3 | 8 | 16 | .. |
| — Tomkins | 2 | .. | 6 | 234 | 3 | 13 | 18 | .. | |
| — Abbott | 2 | .. | 6 | 90 | 3 | 5 | 18 | .. | |
| St. George’s in the East. | — Clarke | 6 | .. | 18 | 360 | 4 | 5 | 16 | .. |
| — Calvert | 4 | .. | 16 | 192 | 3 | 4 | 15 | .. | |
| — Newman | 3 | .. | 12 | 216 | 3 | 6 | 16 | .. | |
| — Tomkins | 2 | .. | 6 | 108 | 3 | 6 | 18 | .. | |
| Stepney. | — Abbott | 6 | .. | 18 | 432 | 3 | 8 | 18 | .. |
| — Newman | 4 | .. | 16 | 288 | 3 | 6 | 16 | .. | |
| — Potter | 3 | .. | 12 | 180 | 3 | 5 | 16 | .. | |
| — Church | 3 | .. | 12 | 216 | 3 | 6 | 15 | .. | |
| Paddington. | — Curmock | 3 | .. | 12 | 936 | 6 | 13 | 18 | .. |
| — Tame | 6 | .. | 18 | 432 | 3 | 8 | 18 | .. | |
| — Humphries | 6 | .. | 18 | 702 | 3 | 13 | 16 | .. | |
| — Nicolls | 3 | .. | 12 | 268 | 3 | 13 | 18 | .. | |
| Hampstead. | — Seal & Jackson | 2 | .. | 6 | 936 | 6 | 26 | 20 | .. |
| — Kirtland | 1 | .. | 3 | 468 | 6 | 26 | 20 | .. | |
| — Hingston | 1 | .. | 3 | 117 | 3 | 13 | 20 | .. | |
| — Batterbury | 1 | .. | 3 | 117 | 3 | 13 | 20 | .. | |
| St. Pancras. | — Smith | 2 | .. | 8 | 384 | 4 | 12 | 18 | .. |
| — Perkins | 8 | .. | 24 | 1872 | 6 | 13 | 18 | .. | |
| — Reddin | 6 | .. | 24 | 2304 | 6 | 16 | 18 | .. | |
| — Jay | 6 | .. | 24 | 2304 | 6 | 16 | 18 | .. | |
| — M. Rose | 3 | .. | 12 | 468 | 3 | 13 | 18 | .. | |
| Islington. | — Eldred | 4 | .. | 20 | 1920 | 6 | 16 | 16 | .. |
| — Croot | 3 | .. | 12 | 936 | 6 | 13 | 16 | .. | |
| — Speller | 2 | .. | 8 | 288 | 6 | 6 | 16 | .. | |
| — J. Rose | 5 | .. | 20 | 1560 | 6 | 13 | 16 | .. | |
| Hackney. | — Piper | 3 | .. | 9 | 702 | 6 | 13 | 18 | .. |
| — Rumball | 6 | .. | 18 | 2808 | 6 | 26 | 18 | .. | |
| — Booth | 5 | .. | 15 | 1170 | 6 | 13 | 18 | .. | |
| St. Giles’s. | — Duggan | 3 | .. | 12 | 936 | 6 | 13 | 16 | .. |
| — Freeman | 4 | .. | 16 | 624 | 3 | 13 | 18 | .. | |
| — Bugbee | 2 | .. | 8 | 768 | 6 | 16 | 18 | .. | |
| — Wall | 2 | .. | 8 | 288 | 6 | 6 | 19 | .. | |
| — Mildwater | 2 | .. | 6 | 180 | 6 | 5 | 18 | .. | |
| St. Giles’s Improvements. | — Reddin | 10 | .. | 50 | 3900 | 6 | 13 | 18 | .. |
| — Bugbee | 10 | .. | 50 | 3900 | 6 | 13 | 18 | .. | |
| — North | 3 | .. | 12 | 432 | 6 | 6 | 18 | .. | |
| — Nicolls | 5 | .. | 20 | 1560 | 6 | 13 | 18 | .. | |
| Strand. | — Piper | 4 | .. | 16 | 384 | 6 | 4 | 18 | .. |
| — Reddin | 5 | .. | 20 | 480 | 6 | 4 | 18 | .. | |
| — Ellis | 3 | .. | 12 | 180 | 3 | 5 | 18 | .. | |
| — Cooper | 3 | .. | 12 | 108 | 3 | 3 | 18 | .. | |
| Holborn. | — Lovell | 2 | .. | 8 | 312 | 3 | 13 | 18 | .. |
| — M’Carthy | 6 | .. | 24 | 1872 | 6 | 13 | 18 | .. | |
| — Wells | 3 | .. | 12 | 468 | 3 | 13 | 18 | .. | |
| — Ellis | 3 | .. | 12 | 324 | 3 | 9 | 18 | .. | |
| Holborn and New Oxford-street Improvements. | — Reddin | 20 | .. | 80 | 6240 | 6 | 13 | 18 | .. |
| — Bugbee | 10 | .. | 40 | 3120 | 6 | 13 | 18 | .. | |
| — Nicolls | 5 | .. | 20 | 480 | 3 | 8 | 18 | .. | |
| — Ellis | 6 | .. | 24 | 936 | 3 | 13 | 18 | .. | |
| — T. Brown | 3 | .. | 12 | 624 | 4 | 13 | 18 | .. | |
| Clerkenwell. | — Wood | 4 | .. | 16 | 576 | 6 | 6 | 18 | .. |
| — Johnstone | 3 | .. | 15 | 360 | 6 | 4 | 17 | .. | |
| — Clarkson | 6 | .. | 24 | 432 | 6 | 3 | 16 | .. | |
| — North | 3 | .. | 12 | 144 | 3 | 4 | 18 | .. | |
| — J. Brown | 2 | .. | 6 | 180 | 6 | 5 | 18 | .. | |
| St. Luke’s. | — Rhodes | 5 | .. | 20 | 500 | 5 | 5 | 18 | .. |
| — Wood | 5 | .. | 20 | 360 | 3 | 6 | 18 | .. | |
| — Dodd | 5 | .. | 20 | 1200 | 6 | 10 | 16 | .. | |
| — Gould | 10 | .. | 30 | 2340 | 6 | 13 | 18 | .. | |
| East London. | — Pratt & Sewell | 3 | .. | 9 | 351 | 3 | 13 | 18 | .. |
| — Tomkins | 2 | .. | 6 | 234 | 3 | 13 | 18 | .. | |
| — Crook | 2 | .. | 6 | 234 | 3 | 13 | 18 | .. | |
| — Abbott | 2 | .. | 8 | 384 | 6 | 8 | 18 | .. | |
| Poplar. | — Pine | 3 | .. | 12 | 324 | 3 | 9 | 18 | .. |
| — Monk | 3 | .. | 12 | 780 | 5 | 13 | 18 | .. | |
| — Tingey | 2 | .. | 8 | 240 | 3 | 10 | 18 | .. | |
| — Gabriel | 4 | .. | 16 | 624 | 3 | 13 | 18 | .. | |
| — Jones | 3 | .. | 12 | 192 | 4 | 4 | 18 | .. | |
| St. George’s, | — Reddin | 10 | .. | 40 | 3120 | 6 | 13 | 18 | .. |
| — G. Whitten | 2 | .. | 10 | 780 | 6 | 13 | 18 | .. | |
| St. Olave’s, | — Webbon | 3 | .. | 12 | 936 | 6 | 13 | 18 | .. |
| — Reddin | 10 | .. | 40 | 3120 | 6 | 13 | 18 | .. | |
| St. Saviour’s, Southwark. | — Bugbee | 2 | .. | 6 | 72 | 3 | 4 | 18 | .. |
| — Ryder | 2 | .. | 6 | 72 | 3 | 4 | 18 | .. | |
| — Wright | 1 | .. | 3 | 36 | 3 | 4 | 18 | .. | |
| Bermondsey. | — Peake | 5 | .. | 20 | 3120 | 6 | 26 | 18 | .. |
| — Duckett | 12 | .. | 36 | 5616 | 6 | 26 | 18 | .. | |
| — Elworthy | 8 | .. | 24 | 3744 | 6 | 26 | 18 | .. | |
| — Slee | 5 | .. | 20 | 3120 | 6 | 26 | 18 | .. | |
| — Adams | 4 | 2 | 20 | 4680 | 6 | 39 | 18 | 18 | |
| Newington. | — Gutteris | 3 | .. | 9 | 270 | 6 | 5 | 18 | .. |
| — Crawley | 2 | .. | 8 | 256 | 4 | 8 | 18 | .. | |
| — Martainbody | 6 | .. | 24 | 960 | 4 | 10 | 18 | .. | |
| Wandsworth. | — Nicholson | 5 | .. | 15 | 1170 | 6 | 13 | 17 | .. |
| — Mears | 3 | .. | 6 | 468 | 6 | 13 | 17 | .. | |
| — Parsons | 4 | .. | 16 | 864 | 6 | 9 | 17 | .. | |
| — Easton | 3 | .. | 15 | 720 | 6 | 8 | 17 | .. | |
| Lambeth. | — J. Whitton | 10 | .. | 40 | 2080 | 4 | 13 | 19 | .. |
| — G. Whitton | 8 | .. | 24 | 1248 | 4 | 13 | 19 | .. | |
| — Kenning | 2 | .. | 10 | 390 | 3 | 13 | 18 | .. | |
| Camberwell. | — Hook | 6 | .. | 18 | 540 | 3 | 10 | 18 | .. |
| — Michel | 2 | .. | 8 | 384 | 6 | 8 | 18 | .. | |
| — Marsland | 2 | .. | 8 | 128 | 4 | 4 | 18 | .. | |
| — Walton | 2 | .. | 6 | 144 | 4 | 6 | 18 | .. | |
| — Evans | 1 | .. | 3 | 90 | 6 | 5 | 18 | .. | |
| Rotherhithe. | — Walker | 10 | .. | 30 | 3240 | 6 | 18 | 15 | .. |
| — Brown | 8 | .. | 24 | 936 | 3 | 13 | 18 | .. | |
| — Hobman | 2 | .. | 36 | 1404 | 3 | 13 | 18 | .. | |
| — East | 6 | .. | 18 | 702 | 3 | 13 | 18 | .. | |
| — Stevens | 5 | .. | 20 | 1560 | 6 | 13 | 15 | .. | |
| Greenwich. | — Jeffry | 2 | .. | 10 | 600 | 6 | 10 | 15 | .. |
| — Turtle | 5 | .. | 15 | 720 | 6 | 8 | 14 | .. | |
| — Hiscock | 2 | .. | 6 | 432 | 6 | 12 | 17 | .. | |
| — Allen | 2 | .. | 10 | 780 | 6 | 13 | 12 | .. | |
| Woolwich. | — Connall | 5 | .. | 10 | 1560 | 6 | 26 | 16 | .. |
| — Waller | 3 | .. | 6 | 468 | 6 | 13 | 15 | .. | |
| — Miller | 6 | .. | 12 | 936 | 6 | 13 | 15 | .. | |
| — Fuller | 8 | .. | 16 | 960 | 6 | 10 | 15 | .. | |
| — Barnes | 4 | .. | 12 | 648 | 6 | 9 | 15 | .. | |
| — Sharpe | 12 | .. | 36 | 1404 | 3 | 13 | 15 | .. | |
| — Taylor | 8 | .. | 24 | 2016 | 6 | 14 | 15 | .. | |
| — Ginno | 5 | .. | 20 | 780 | 3 | 13 | 15 | .. | |
| — Millard | 4 | .. | 10 | 390 | 3 | 13 | 15 | .. | |
| — Graham | 3 | .. | 9 | 270 | 3 | 10 | 15 | .. | |
| Lewisham. | — Peakes | 5 | .. | 15 | 810 | 6 | 9 | 15 | .. |
| — Wellard | 3 | .. | 12 | 936 | 6 | 13 | 15 | .. | |
| — Fleckell | 6 | .. | 18 | 1404 | 6 | 13 | 15 | .. | |
| — Hollis | 4 | .. | 12 | 288 | 3 | 8 | 15 | .. | |
| Total | 840 | 15 | 3134 | 259831 | |||||
| Master Rubbish Carters. | No. of Operative Rubbish-Carting. | No. of Shovellers working in Gangs. | Quantity of Rubbish carted Daily. | Quantity of Rubbish carted Annually. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| lds. | loads. | ||||
| Kensington. | Mr. J. Bird | 5 | .. | 15 | 2340 |
| — Hough | 3 | .. | 9 | 1404 | |
| — Dubbins | 3 | .. | 9 | 1404 | |
| — Taylor | 3 | .. | 12 | 1872 | |
| — Gale | 3 | .. | 12 | 1872 | |
| — G. Bird | 10 | .. | 20 | 3120 | |
| Chelsea. | — Nicholls | 10 | .. | 20 | 3120 |
| — Emmerson | 5 | .. | 15 | 2340 | |
| — Freeman | 5 | .. | 15 | 2340 | |
| — Pattison | 2 | .. | 6 | 936 | |
| — Porter | 6 | .. | 18 | 2808 | |
| St. George’s, Hanover-sq. | — Rawlins | 4 | .. | 16 | 1248 |
| — Wells | 2 | .. | 8 | 624 | |
| — Watkins | 5 | .. | 15 | 1170 | |
| — Liddiard | 5 | .. | 15 | 1170 | |
| Westminster. | — Farmer | 4 | .. | 16 | 1920 |
| — Bugbee | 6 | 4 | 30 | 2340 | |
| — Reddin | 6 | 4 | 30 | 2340 | |
| — Francis | 5 | .. | 20 | 3120 | |
| Westminster Improvements. | — Chadwick | 3 | .. | 15 | 2340 |
| — Francis | 5 | .. | 20 | 3120 | |
| — Farmer | 5 | .. | 20 | 3120 | |
| — Duggan | 8 | .. | 40 | 6240 | |
| St. Martin’s. | — T. Cooper | 3 | 3 | 24 | 1872 |
| — Wall | 2 | 2 | 16 | 1248 | |
| — Duggan | 4 | .. | 16 | 1248 | |
| St. James’s, Westminster. | — Nicolls | 5 | .. | 20 | 1560 |
| — Wells | 2 | .. | 8 | 624 | |
| — Watkins | 5 | .. | 15 | 810 | |
| Mary-le-bone. | — Freeman | 3 | .. | 12 | 2808 |
| — Curmock | 4 | .. | 16 | 2496 | |
| — Nicolls | 8 | .. | 24 | 1872 | |
| — Watkins | 10 | .. | 40 | 4160 | |
| — Perkins | 5 | .. | 20 | 3120 | |
| — Culverwell | 5 | .. | 20 | 3120 | |
| West London. | — Rutty | 3 | .. | 12 | 360 |
| — Kitchener | 3 | .. | 15 | 360 | |
| — Wickham | 3 | .. | 12 | 240 | |
| — Porter | 4 | .. | 16 | 864 | |
| West London Improvements. | — Crook | 3 | .. | 6 | 468 |
| — M’Carthy | 6 | .. | 30 | 4680 | |
| — Reddin | 5 | .. | 25 | 3900 | |
| — Rooke | 6 | .. | 30 | 4680 | |
| — Bugbee | 5 | .. | 25 | 3900 | |
| — Chadwick | 5 | .. | 25 | 3900 | |
| London City. | — Bateman | 3 | .. | 12 | 288 |
| — Tame | 4 | .. | 12 | 216 | |
| — Walker | 2 | .. | 8 | 144 | |
| — Harmadu | 3 | .. | 9 | 216 | |
| — Bindy | 2 | .. | 6 | 72 | |
| London City Improvements. | — Duggan | 10 | .. | 50 | 7800 |
| — Bugbee | 20 | .. | 100 | 15600 | |
| — Gould | 10 | .. | 50 | 7800 | |
| Shoreditch. | — Booth | 5 | .. | 20 | 360 |
| — Styles | 2 | .. | 8 | 96 | |
| — Wood | 5 | .. | 20 | 780 | |
| — Gould | 5 | .. | 20 | 1560 | |
| Bethnal Green. | — Calvert | 2 | .. | 8 | 240 |
| — Newman | 2 | .. | 6 | 234 | |
| — Rooke | 4 | .. | 16 | 624 | |
| — Tilley | 3 | .. | 12 | 936 | |
| Whitechapel. | — Newman | 3 | .. | 9 | 216 |
| — Tomkins | 2 | .. | 6 | 234 | |
| — Abbott | 2 | .. | 6 | 90 | |
| St. George’s in the East. | — Clarke | 6 | .. | 18 | 360 |
| — Calvert | 4 | .. | 16 | 192 | |
| — Newman | 3 | .. | 12 | 216 | |
| — Tomkins | 2 | .. | 6 | 108 | |
| Stepney. | — Abbott | 6 | .. | 18 | 432 |
| — Newman | 4 | .. | 16 | 288 | |
| — Potter | 3 | .. | 12 | 180 | |
| — Church | 3 | .. | 12 | 216 | |
| Paddington. | — Curmock | 3 | .. | 12 | 936 |
| — Tame | 6 | .. | 18 | 432 | |
| — Humphries | 6 | .. | 18 | 702 | |
| — Nicolls | 3 | .. | 12 | 268 | |
| Hampstead. | — Seal & Jackson | 2 | .. | 6 | 936 |
| — Kirtland | 1 | .. | 3 | 468 | |
| — Hingston | 1 | .. | 3 | 117 | |
| — Batterbury | 1 | .. | 3 | 117 | |
| St. Pancras. | — Smith | 2 | .. | 8 | 384 |
| — Perkins | 8 | .. | 24 | 1872 | |
| — Reddin | 6 | .. | 24 | 2304 | |
| — Jay | 6 | .. | 24 | 2304 | |
| — M. Rose | 3 | .. | 12 | 468 | |
| Islington. | — Eldred | 4 | .. | 20 | 1920 |
| — Croot | 3 | .. | 12 | 936 | |
| — Speller | 2 | .. | 8 | 288 | |
| — J. Rose | 5 | .. | 20 | 1560 | |
| Hackney. | — Piper | 3 | .. | 9 | 702 |
| — Rumball | 6 | .. | 18 | 2808 | |
| — Booth | 5 | .. | 15 | 1170 | |
| St. Giles’s. | — Duggan | 3 | .. | 12 | 936 |
| — Freeman | 4 | .. | 16 | 624 | |
| — Bugbee | 2 | .. | 8 | 768 | |
| — Wall | 2 | .. | 8 | 288 | |
| — Mildwater | 2 | .. | 6 | 180 | |
| St. Giles’s Improvements. | — Reddin | 10 | .. | 50 | 3900 |
| — Bugbee | 10 | .. | 50 | 3900 | |
| — North | 3 | .. | 12 | 432 | |
| — Nicolls | 5 | .. | 20 | 1560 | |
| Strand. | — Piper | 4 | .. | 16 | 384 |
| — Reddin | 5 | .. | 20 | 480 | |
| — Ellis | 3 | .. | 12 | 180 | |
| — Cooper | 3 | .. | 12 | 108 | |
| Holborn. | — Lovell | 2 | .. | 8 | 312 |
| — M’Carthy | 6 | .. | 24 | 1872 | |
| — Wells | 3 | .. | 12 | 468 | |
| — Ellis | 3 | .. | 12 | 324 | |
| Holborn and New Oxford-street Improvements. | — Reddin | 20 | .. | 80 | 6240 |
| — Bugbee | 10 | .. | 40 | 3120 | |
| — Nicolls | 5 | .. | 20 | 480 | |
| — Ellis | 6 | .. | 24 | 936 | |
| — T. Brown | 3 | .. | 12 | 624 | |
| Clerkenwell. | — Wood | 4 | .. | 16 | 576 |
| — Johnstone | 3 | .. | 15 | 360 | |
| — Clarkson | 6 | .. | 24 | 432 | |
| — North | 3 | .. | 12 | 144 | |
| — J. Brown | 2 | .. | 6 | 180 | |
| St. Luke’s. | — Rhodes | 5 | .. | 20 | 500 |
| — Wood | 5 | .. | 20 | 360 | |
| — Dodd | 5 | .. | 20 | 1200 | |
| — Gould | 10 | .. | 30 | 2340 | |
| East London. | — Pratt & Sewell | 3 | .. | 9 | 351 |
| — Tomkins | 2 | .. | 6 | 234 | |
| — Crook | 2 | .. | 6 | 234 | |
| — Abbott | 2 | .. | 8 | 384 | |
| Poplar. | — Pine | 3 | .. | 12 | 324 |
| — Monk | 3 | .. | 12 | 780 | |
| — Tingey | 2 | .. | 8 | 240 | |
| — Gabriel | 4 | .. | 16 | 624 | |
| — Jones | 3 | .. | 12 | 192 | |
| St. George’s, | — Reddin | 10 | .. | 40 | 3120 |
| — G. Whitten | 2 | .. | 10 | 780 | |
| St. Olave’s, | — Webbon | 3 | .. | 12 | 936 |
| — Reddin | 10 | .. | 40 | 3120 | |
| St. Saviour’s, Southwark. | — Bugbee | 2 | .. | 6 | 72 |
| — Ryder | 2 | .. | 6 | 72 | |
| — Wright | 1 | .. | 3 | 36 | |
| Bermondsey. | — Peake | 5 | .. | 20 | 3120 |
| — Duckett | 12 | .. | 36 | 5616 | |
| — Elworthy | 8 | .. | 24 | 3744 | |
| — Slee | 5 | .. | 20 | 3120 | |
| — Adams | 4 | 2 | 20 | 4680 | |
| Newington. | — Gutteris | 3 | .. | 9 | 270 |
| — Crawley | 2 | .. | 8 | 256 | |
| — Martainbody | 6 | .. | 24 | 960 | |
| Wandsworth. | — Nicholson | 5 | .. | 15 | 1170 |
| — Mears | 3 | .. | 6 | 468 | |
| — Parsons | 4 | .. | 16 | 864 | |
| — Easton | 3 | .. | 15 | 720 | |
| Lambeth. | — J. Whitton | 10 | .. | 40 | 2080 |
| — G. Whitton | 8 | .. | 24 | 1248 | |
| — Kenning | 2 | .. | 10 | 390 | |
| Camberwell. | — Hook | 6 | .. | 18 | 540 |
| — Michel | 2 | .. | 8 | 384 | |
| — Marsland | 2 | .. | 8 | 128 | |
| — Walton | 2 | .. | 6 | 144 | |
| — Evans | 1 | .. | 3 | 90 | |
| Rotherhithe. | — Walker | 10 | .. | 30 | 3240 |
| — Brown | 8 | .. | 24 | 936 | |
| — Hobman | 2 | .. | 36 | 1404 | |
| — East | 6 | .. | 18 | 702 | |
| — Stevens | 5 | .. | 20 | 1560 | |
| Greenwich. | — Jeffry | 2 | .. | 10 | 600 |
| — Turtle | 5 | .. | 15 | 720 | |
| — Hiscock | 2 | .. | 6 | 432 | |
| — Allen | 2 | .. | 10 | 780 | |
| Woolwich. | — Connall | 5 | .. | 10 | 1560 |
| — Waller | 3 | .. | 6 | 468 | |
| — Miller | 6 | .. | 12 | 936 | |
| — Fuller | 8 | .. | 16 | 960 | |
| — Barnes | 4 | .. | 12 | 648 | |
| — Sharpe | 12 | .. | 36 | 1404 | |
| — Taylor | 8 | .. | 24 | 2016 | |
| — Ginno | 5 | .. | 20 | 780 | |
| — Millard | 4 | .. | 10 | 390 | |
| — Graham | 3 | .. | 9 | 270 | |
| Lewisham. | — Peakes | 5 | .. | 15 | 810 |
| — Wellard | 3 | .. | 12 | 936 | |
| — Fleckell | 6 | .. | 18 | 1404 | |
| — Hollis | 4 | .. | 12 | 288 | |
| Total | 840 | 15 | 3134 | 259831 | |
| Master Rubbish Carters. | No. of days in the week each Operative is employed at Rubbish-Carting. | No. of weeks during the year each Operative is engaged in Removing Rubbish. | Weekly Wages of Rubbish-Carters. | Weekly Wages of the Operatives working in Gangs at Rubbish-Carting. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| s. | s. | ||||
| Kensington. | Mr. J. Bird | 6 | 26 | 18 | .. |
| — Hough | 6 | 26 | 18 | .. | |
| — Dubbins | 6 | 26 | 18 | .. | |
| — Taylor | 6 | 26 | 18 | .. | |
| — Gale | 6 | 26 | 18 | .. | |
| — G. Bird | 6 | 26 | 18 | .. | |
| Chelsea. | — Nicholls | 6 | 26 | 18 | .. |
| — Emmerson | 6 | 26 | 18 | .. | |
| — Freeman | 6 | 26 | 18 | .. | |
| — Pattison | 6 | 26 | 18 | .. | |
| — Porter | 6 | 26 | 18 | .. | |
| St. George’s, Hanover-sq. | — Rawlins | 6 | 13 | 18 | .. |
| — Wells | 6 | 13 | 18 | .. | |
| — Watkins | 6 | 13 | 18 | .. | |
| — Liddiard | 6 | 13 | 18 | .. | |
| Westminster. | — Farmer | 6 | 20 | 18 | .. |
| — Bugbee | 6 | 13 | 18 | 18 | |
| — Reddin | 6 | 13 | 18 | 18 | |
| — Francis | 6 | 26 | 18 | .. | |
| Westminster Improvements. | — Chadwick | 6 | 26 | 18 | .. |
| — Francis | 6 | 26 | 18 | .. | |
| — Farmer | 6 | 26 | 18 | .. | |
| — Duggan | 6 | 26 | 18 | .. | |
| St. Martin’s. | — T. Cooper | 6 | 13 | 18 | 20 |
| — Wall | 6 | 13 | 18 | 20 | |
| — Duggan | 6 | 13 | 18 | .. | |
| St. James’s, Westminster. | — Nicolls | 6 | 13 | 18 | .. |
| — Wells | 6 | 13 | 18 | .. | |
| — Watkins | 6 | 9 | 18 | .. | |
| Mary-le-bone. | — Freeman | 6 | 39 | 18 | .. |
| — Curmock | 6 | 26 | 18 | .. | |
| — Nicolls | 3 | 26 | 18 | .. | |
| — Watkins | 4 | 26 | 18 | .. | |
| — Perkins | 6 | 26 | 18 | .. | |
| — Culverwell | 6 | 26 | 18 | .. | |
| West London. | — Rutty | 5 | 6 | 18 | .. |
| — Kitchener | 6 | 4 | 18 | .. | |
| — Wickham | 5 | 4 | 18 | .. | |
| — Porter | 6 | 9 | 18 | .. | |
| West London Improvements. | — Crook | 6 | 13 | 18 | .. |
| — M’Carthy | 6 | 26 | 20 | .. | |
| — Reddin | 6 | 26 | 18 | .. | |
| — Rooke | 6 | 26 | 18 | .. | |
| — Bugbee | 6 | 26 | 18 | .. | |
| — Chadwick | 6 | 26 | 18 | .. | |
| London City. | — Bateman | 6 | 4 | 18 | .. |
| — Tame | 6 | 3 | 18 | .. | |
| — Walker | 6 | 3 | 18 | .. | |
| — Harmadu | 6 | 4 | 18 | .. | |
| — Bindy | 3 | 4 | 18 | .. | |
| London City Improvements. | — Duggan | 6 | 26 | 16 | .. |
| — Bugbee | 6 | 26 | 18 | .. | |
| — Gould | 6 | 26 | 18 | .. | |
| Shoreditch. | — Booth | 3 | 6 | 18 | .. |
| — Styles | 3 | 4 | 18 | .. | |
| — Wood | 3 | 13 | 18 | .. | |
| — Gould | 6 | 13 | 18 | .. | |
| Bethnal Green. | — Calvert | 3 | 10 | 15 | .. |
| — Newman | 3 | 13 | 16 | .. | |
| — Rooke | 3 | 13 | 18 | .. | |
| — Tilley | 6 | 13 | 18 | .. | |
| Whitechapel. | — Newman | 3 | 8 | 16 | .. |
| — Tomkins | 3 | 13 | 18 | .. | |
| — Abbott | 3 | 5 | 18 | .. | |
| St. George’s in the East. | — Clarke | 4 | 5 | 16 | .. |
| — Calvert | 3 | 4 | 15 | .. | |
| — Newman | 3 | 6 | 16 | .. | |
| — Tomkins | 3 | 6 | 18 | .. | |
| Stepney. | — Abbott | 3 | 8 | 18 | .. |
| — Newman | 3 | 6 | 16 | .. | |
| — Potter | 3 | 5 | 16 | .. | |
| — Church | 3 | 6 | 15 | .. | |
| Paddington. | — Curmock | 6 | 13 | 18 | .. |
| — Tame | 3 | 8 | 18 | .. | |
| — Humphries | 3 | 13 | 16 | .. | |
| — Nicolls | 3 | 13 | 18 | .. | |
| Hampstead. | — Seal & Jackson | 6 | 26 | 20 | .. |
| — Kirtland | 6 | 26 | 20 | .. | |
| — Hingston | 3 | 13 | 20 | .. | |
| — Batterbury | 3 | 13 | 20 | .. | |
| St. Pancras. | — Smith | 4 | 12 | 18 | .. |
| — Perkins | 6 | 13 | 18 | .. | |
| — Reddin | 6 | 16 | 18 | .. | |
| — Jay | 6 | 16 | 18 | .. | |
| — M. Rose | 3 | 13 | 18 | .. | |
| Islington. | — Eldred | 6 | 16 | 16 | .. |
| — Croot | 6 | 13 | 16 | .. | |
| — Speller | 6 | 6 | 16 | .. | |
| — J. Rose | 6 | 13 | 16 | .. | |
| Hackney. | — Piper | 6 | 13 | 18 | .. |
| — Rumball | 6 | 26 | 18 | .. | |
| — Booth | 6 | 13 | 18 | .. | |
| St. Giles’s. | — Duggan | 6 | 13 | 16 | .. |
| — Freeman | 3 | 13 | 18 | .. | |
| — Bugbee | 6 | 16 | 18 | .. | |
| — Wall | 6 | 6 | 19 | .. | |
| — Mildwater | 6 | 5 | 18 | .. | |
| St. Giles’s Improvements. | — Reddin | 6 | 13 | 18 | .. |
| — Bugbee | 6 | 13 | 18 | .. | |
| — North | 6 | 6 | 18 | .. | |
| — Nicolls | 6 | 13 | 18 | .. | |
| Strand. | — Piper | 6 | 4 | 18 | .. |
| — Reddin | 6 | 4 | 18 | .. | |
| — Ellis | 3 | 5 | 18 | .. | |
| — Cooper | 3 | 3 | 18 | .. | |
| Holborn. | — Lovell | 3 | 13 | 18 | .. |
| — M’Carthy | 6 | 13 | 18 | .. | |
| — Wells | 3 | 13 | 18 | .. | |
| — Ellis | 3 | 9 | 18 | .. | |
| Holborn and New Oxford-street Improvements. | — Reddin | 6 | 13 | 18 | .. |
| — Bugbee | 6 | 13 | 18 | .. | |
| — Nicolls | 3 | 8 | 18 | .. | |
| — Ellis | 3 | 13 | 18 | .. | |
| — T. Brown | 4 | 13 | 18 | .. | |
| Clerkenwell. | — Wood | 6 | 6 | 18 | .. |
| — Johnstone | 6 | 4 | 17 | .. | |
| — Clarkson | 6 | 3 | 16 | .. | |
| — North | 3 | 4 | 18 | .. | |
| — J. Brown | 6 | 5 | 18 | .. | |
| St. Luke’s. | — Rhodes | 5 | 5 | 18 | .. |
| — Wood | 3 | 6 | 18 | .. | |
| — Dodd | 6 | 10 | 16 | .. | |
| — Gould | 6 | 13 | 18 | .. | |
| East London. | — Pratt & Sewell | 3 | 13 | 18 | .. |
| — Tomkins | 3 | 13 | 18 | .. | |
| — Crook | 3 | 13 | 18 | .. | |
| — Abbott | 6 | 8 | 18 | .. | |
| Poplar. | — Pine | 3 | 9 | 18 | .. |
| — Monk | 5 | 13 | 18 | .. | |
| — Tingey | 3 | 10 | 18 | .. | |
| — Gabriel | 3 | 13 | 18 | .. | |
| — Jones | 4 | 4 | 18 | .. | |
| St. George’s, | — Reddin | 6 | 13 | 18 | .. |
| — G. Whitten | 6 | 13 | 18 | .. | |
| St. Olave’s, | — Webbon | 6 | 13 | 18 | .. |
| — Reddin | 6 | 13 | 18 | .. | |
| St. Saviour’s, Southwark. | — Bugbee | 3 | 4 | 18 | .. |
| — Ryder | 3 | 4 | 18 | .. | |
| — Wright | 3 | 4 | 18 | .. | |
| Bermondsey. | — Peake | 6 | 26 | 18 | .. |
| — Duckett | 6 | 26 | 18 | .. | |
| — Elworthy | 6 | 26 | 18 | .. | |
| — Slee | 6 | 26 | 18 | .. | |
| — Adams | 6 | 39 | 18 | 18 | |
| Newington. | — Gutteris | 6 | 5 | 18 | .. |
| — Crawley | 4 | 8 | 18 | .. | |
| — Martainbody | 4 | 10 | 18 | .. | |
| Wandsworth. | — Nicholson | 6 | 13 | 17 | .. |
| — Mears | 6 | 13 | 17 | .. | |
| — Parsons | 6 | 9 | 17 | .. | |
| — Easton | 6 | 8 | 17 | .. | |
| Lambeth. | — J. Whitton | 4 | 13 | 19 | .. |
| — G. Whitton | 4 | 13 | 19 | .. | |
| — Kenning | 3 | 13 | 18 | .. | |
| Camberwell. | — Hook | 3 | 10 | 18 | .. |
| — Michel | 6 | 8 | 18 | .. | |
| — Marsland | 4 | 4 | 18 | .. | |
| — Walton | 4 | 6 | 18 | .. | |
| — Evans | 6 | 5 | 18 | .. | |
| Rotherhithe. | — Walker | 6 | 18 | 15 | .. |
| — Brown | 3 | 13 | 18 | .. | |
| — Hobman | 3 | 13 | 18 | .. | |
| — East | 3 | 13 | 18 | .. | |
| — Stevens | 6 | 13 | 15 | .. | |
| Greenwich. | — Jeffry | 6 | 10 | 15 | .. |
| — Turtle | 6 | 8 | 14 | .. | |
| — Hiscock | 6 | 12 | 17 | .. | |
| — Allen | 6 | 13 | 12 | .. | |
| Woolwich. | — Connall | 6 | 26 | 16 | .. |
| — Waller | 6 | 13 | 15 | .. | |
| — Miller | 6 | 13 | 15 | .. | |
| — Fuller | 6 | 10 | 15 | .. | |
| — Barnes | 6 | 9 | 15 | .. | |
| — Sharpe | 3 | 13 | 15 | .. | |
| — Taylor | 6 | 14 | 15 | .. | |
| — Ginno | 3 | 13 | 15 | .. | |
| — Millard | 3 | 13 | 15 | .. | |
| — Graham | 3 | 10 | 15 | .. | |
| Lewisham. | — Peakes | 6 | 9 | 15 | .. |
| — Wellard | 6 | 13 | 15 | .. | |
| — Fleckell | 6 | 13 | 15 | .. | |
| — Hollis | 3 | 8 | 15 | .. | |
The rubbish-carters are paid by week, 18s. to 20s. being the weekly amount; and by the load, which is indeed piece-work. The payment to the operatives by the load varies from 6d. to 1s. 6d., for it is necessarily regulated by the distance to be traversed. If the rubbish have to be carted a mile to its destination—or, as the men call it, to “the shoot”—of course it is to be so conveyed at a proportionally lower rate than if it had to be driven two or three miles. The employment of men by the load, however, becomes less every year, and the reason, I am assured, is this:—The great stress of the labour falls upon the horse. If the animal be strong and manageable, a man, for the sake of conveying an extra load a day, might overtax its powers, injure it gradually, and deteriorate its strength and its value. The operative carters, on their part, have complained that sometimes even “good” employers have set them to work by the load with “hard old horses,” which no management could get out of their slow, long-accustomed pace. Thus a man might clear by the piece-work but 1s. 6d. a day, with a horse not worth 15l.; while another carter, with a superior animal worth twice as much, might clear 3s. or 3s. 6d. Some “hard” masters, I was informed, liked these old horses, because they were bought cheap, and though they brought in less than superior animals they were easier kept; while if less were earned by the piece-work with such horses, less was paid in wages; and if the horse broke its leg, or was killed, or injured, it was more easily replaced. This mode of employment is, as I have said, less and less carried into effect; but it is still one of the ways in which a working carter may be made a sufferer, because a principal accessary of his work—the horse—may not be capable of the requisite exertion.
The nominal wages of the rubbish-carters in the best employ are from 18s. to 20s. a week; in the worse-paid trade 15s. is the more general price; but even as little as 12s. is given by some masters.