London Labour and the London Poor, Vol. 4

by Henry Mayhew

MAP
SHOWING THE NUMBER WHO SIGNED THE MARRIAGE REGISTER WITH MARKS IN EVERY 100 PERSONS MARRIED;
OR
THE INTENSITY OF IGNORANCE
IN EACH COUNTY OF
ENGLAND AND WALES.

⁂ The counties printed black are those in which the number who signed the Marriage Register with Marks is above the Average.

The counties left white are those in which the number who signed the Marriage Register with Marks is below the Average.

The Average has been calculated for the ten years from 1839 to 1848.

TABLE SHOWING THE IGNORANCE OF THE DIFFERENT COUNTIES IN ENGLAND AND WALES, DEDUCED FROM THE NUMBER WHO SIGNED THE MARRIAGE REGISTER WITH MARKS IN THE UNDERMENTIONED YEARS.

COUNTIES.	Average Annual No. of Persons married, 1839-48.	Number of Males and Females who signed the Marriage Register with Marks.
		1839.	1840.	1841.	1842.	1843.	1844.
Bedford	1,850	1,112	1,148	956	921	1,028	1,110
Berks	2,588	1,036	1,131	1,061	1,063	1,111	1,079
Bucks	1,920	979	1,008	820	918	882	918
Cambridge	2,784	1,269	1,372	1,495	1,389	1,281	1,330
Chester	5,160	2,343	2,510	2,350	2,096	2,366	2,403
Cornwall	4,894	2,150	2,148	2,128	2,312	2,284	2,141
Cumberland	2,072	470	563	527	539	506	500
Derby	3,652	1,521	1,490	1,321	1,061	1,351	1,455
Devon	8,678	2,603	1,817	2,744	2,971	2,995	3,055
Dorset	2,358	725	930	785	852	449	945
Durham	5,770	1,900	2,083	2,001	1,830	1,771	1,825
Essex	4,228	1,964	2,215	2,103	2,062	2,110	2,157
Gloucester	6,918	2,329	2,541	2,347	2,197	2,393	2,277
Hereford	1,268	462	463	522	548	609	516
Hertford	1,976	1,189	1,045	1,057	954	1,083	1,038
Hunts	904	391	465	453	446	439	413
Kent	8,094	2,431	2,382	2,476	2,488	2,556	2,502
Lancaster	34,068	16,411	15,793	16,096	14,626	17,820	19,850
Leicester	3,460	1,494	1,504	1,281	1,189	1,416	1,505
Lincoln	5,530	1,944	2,209	2,174	2,082	1,959	1,998
Middlesex	31,590	5,134	5,569	5,242	5,045	5,416	6,141
Monmouth	2,562	1,646	1,697	1,283	1,091	1,110	1,228
Norfolk	6,042	2,485	2,772	2,514	2,832	2,816	2,901
Northampton	3,194	1,338	1,489	1,377	1,220	1,404	1,441
Northumberland	4,094	1,149	1,264	1,108	965	1,013	811
Nottingham	4,168	1,715	1,724	1,645	1,642	1,742	1,953
Oxford	2,316	826	961	951	957	929	889
Rutland	216	115	92	125	99	97	69
Salop	3,180	1,647	1,568	1,497	1,533	1,392	1,496
Somerset	6,226	2,300	2,608	2,705	2,643	2,654	2,643
Southampton	5,768	1,614	1,801	2,049	1,959	1,910	1,977
Stafford	8,292	3,886	4,045	3,552	3,065	3,335	3,937
Suffolk	4,738	2,173	2,353	2,342	2,057	2,124	2,304
Surrey	10,374	2,128	2,260	2,180	2,129	2,205	2,185
Sussex	4,268	1,452	1,480	1,400	1,364	1,443	1,427
Warwick	6,494	1,512	2,470	2,294	2,052	2,415	2,516
Westmorland	780	195	191	177	185	193	225
Wilts	3,236	1,495	1,603	1,550	1,487	1,522	1,527
Worcester	5,536	3,201	3,098	2,934	2,588	2,528	2,974
York	26,664	11,439	11,899	10,726	10,503	11,099	12,970
North Wales	5,164	3,028	3,022	2,999	2,925	2,694	2,737
South Wales	8,152	4,382	4,532	4,378	4,093	4,190	4,617
Total for England and Wales	261,340	100,616	104,335	99,634	94,996	101,235	107,985

				Total for 10 years.	Annual Average.	No. of Persons who signed with Marks in every 100 married.	Per Cent. above and below the Average.
1845.	1846.	1847.	1848.
1,095	1,124	957	1,003	10,454	1,045	56	†40·0
1,070	1,137	1,118	1,164	10,970	1,097	42	† 5·0
975	1,074	906	999	9,479	948	49	†22·5
1,471	1,398	1,213	1,328	13,546	1,355	45	†12·5
2,777	2,608	2,121	2,503	24,017	2,408	46	†15·0
2,338	2,407	2,102	2,146	22,156	2,216	45	†12·5
581	647	520	350	5,203	520	25	*37·5
1,642	1,544	1,382	1,377	14,144	1,414	39	* 2·5
3,312	3,224	2,782	1,981	27,484	2,748	32	*20·0
1,033	905	941	923	8,488	849	36	*10·0
2,375	2,378	2,376	2,327	20,866	2,087	36	*10·0
2,246	2,163	1,977	1,963	20,960	2,096	50	†25·0
2,578	2,698	2,215	2,304	23,879	2,388	35	*12·5
598	576	424	488	5,206	521	41	† 2·5
1,153	1,102	947	1,013	10,581	1,058	54	†35·0
434	466	438	440	4,385	439	49	†22·5
2,944	2,855	2,569	2,481	25,684	2,568	32	*20·0
22,177	20,709	16,588	18,161	178,231	17,823	52	†30·0
1,518	1,579	1,329	1,441	14,256	1,426	41	† 2·5
2,232	2,166	2,159	2,436	21,359	2,136	39	* 2·5
6,456	6,163	5,666	5,433	56,265	5,627	18	*55·0
1,722	1,982	1,720	1,574	15,053	1,505	59	†47·5
3,120	2,964	2,783	2,855	28,042	2,804	46	†15·0
1,504	1,467	1,253	1,332	13,825	1,383	43	† 7·5
1,214	1,244	1,190	1,328	11,286	1,129	28	*30·0
2,000	1,834	1,635	1,760	17,650	1,765	42	† 5·0
831	880	869	843	8,936	894	39	* 2·5
73	99	152	118	1,039	104	49	†22·5
1,428	1,544	1,532	1,661	15,298	1,530	48	†20·0
2,598	2,632	2,183	2,360	25,326	2,533	41	† 2·5
2,181	2,185	2,019	1,875	19,570	1,957	34	*15·0
5,091	4,920	6,423	5,263	43,517	4,352	52	†30·0
2,436	2,389	2,325	2,354	22,857	2,286	48	†20·0
2,473	2,451	2,134	2,039	22,184	2,218	21	*47·5
1,594	1,534	1,512	1,371	14,577	1,458	34	*15·0
2,670	2,958	2,870	2,855	24,612	2,461	38	* 5·0
237	321	220	135	2,079	208	27	*32·5
1,685	1,642	1,481	1,528	15,520	1,552	48	†20·0
3,744	4,192	1,871	1,643	28,773	2,877	52	†30·0
13,395	12,688	11,797	11,930	118,446	11,845	44	†10·0
2,916	3,219	2,904	1,951	28,395	2,840	55	†37·5
4,978	5,565	4,703	4,811	46,249	4,625	57	†42·5
118,894	117,633	104,306	105,937	1,050,907	105,091	40

COUNTIES.	Average Annual No. of Persons married, 1839-48.	Number of Males and Females who signed the Marriage Register with Marks.										Total for 10 years.	Annual Average.	No. of Persons who signed with Marks in every 100 married.	Per Cent. above and below the Average.
		1839.	1840.	1841.	1842.	1843.	1844.	1845.	1846.	1847.	1848.
Bedford	1,850	1,112	1,148	956	921	1,028	1,110	1,095	1,124	957	1,003	10,454	1,045	56	†40·0
Berks	2,588	1,036	1,131	1,061	1,063	1,111	1,079	1,070	1,137	1,118	1,164	10,970	1,097	42	† 5·0
Bucks	1,920	979	1,008	820	918	882	918	975	1,074	906	999	9,479	948	49	†22·5
Cambridge	2,784	1,269	1,372	1,495	1,389	1,281	1,330	1,471	1,398	1,213	1,328	13,546	1,355	45	†12·5
Chester	5,160	2,343	2,510	2,350	2,096	2,366	2,403	2,777	2,608	2,121	2,503	24,017	2,408	46	†15·0
Cornwall	4,894	2,150	2,148	2,128	2,312	2,284	2,141	2,338	2,407	2,102	2,146	22,156	2,216	45	†12·5
Cumberland	2,072	470	563	527	539	506	500	581	647	520	350	5,203	520	25	*37·5
Derby	3,652	1,521	1,490	1,321	1,061	1,351	1,455	1,642	1,544	1,382	1,377	14,144	1,414	39	* 2·5
Devon	8,678	2,603	1,817	2,744	2,971	2,995	3,055	3,312	3,224	2,782	1,981	27,484	2,748	32	*20·0
Dorset	2,358	725	930	785	852	449	945	1,033	905	941	923	8,488	849	36	*10·0
Durham	5,770	1,900	2,083	2,001	1,830	1,771	1,825	2,375	2,378	2,376	2,327	20,866	2,087	36	*10·0
Essex	4,228	1,964	2,215	2,103	2,062	2,110	2,157	2,246	2,163	1,977	1,963	20,960	2,096	50	†25·0
Gloucester	6,918	2,329	2,541	2,347	2,197	2,393	2,277	2,578	2,698	2,215	2,304	23,879	2,388	35	*12·5
Hereford	1,268	462	463	522	548	609	516	598	576	424	488	5,206	521	41	† 2·5
Hertford	1,976	1,189	1,045	1,057	954	1,083	1,038	1,153	1,102	947	1,013	10,581	1,058	54	†35·0
Hunts	904	391	465	453	446	439	413	434	466	438	440	4,385	439	49	†22·5
Kent	8,094	2,431	2,382	2,476	2,488	2,556	2,502	2,944	2,855	2,569	2,481	25,684	2,568	32	*20·0
Lancaster	34,068	16,411	15,793	16,096	14,626	17,820	19,850	22,177	20,709	16,588	18,161	178,231	17,823	52	†30·0
Leicester	3,460	1,494	1,504	1,281	1,189	1,416	1,505	1,518	1,579	1,329	1,441	14,256	1,426	41	† 2·5
Lincoln	5,530	1,944	2,209	2,174	2,082	1,959	1,998	2,232	2,166	2,159	2,436	21,359	2,136	39	* 2·5
Middlesex	31,590	5,134	5,569	5,242	5,045	5,416	6,141	6,456	6,163	5,666	5,433	56,265	5,627	18	*55·0
Monmouth	2,562	1,646	1,697	1,283	1,091	1,110	1,228	1,722	1,982	1,720	1,574	15,053	1,505	59	†47·5
Norfolk	6,042	2,485	2,772	2,514	2,832	2,816	2,901	3,120	2,964	2,783	2,855	28,042	2,804	46	†15·0
Northampton	3,194	1,338	1,489	1,377	1,220	1,404	1,441	1,504	1,467	1,253	1,332	13,825	1,383	43	† 7·5
Northumberland	4,094	1,149	1,264	1,108	965	1,013	811	1,214	1,244	1,190	1,328	11,286	1,129	28	*30·0
Nottingham	4,168	1,715	1,724	1,645	1,642	1,742	1,953	2,000	1,834	1,635	1,760	17,650	1,765	42	† 5·0
Oxford	2,316	826	961	951	957	929	889	831	880	869	843	8,936	894	39	* 2·5
Rutland	216	115	92	125	99	97	69	73	99	152	118	1,039	104	49	†22·5
Salop	3,180	1,647	1,568	1,497	1,533	1,392	1,496	1,428	1,544	1,532	1,661	15,298	1,530	48	†20·0
Somerset	6,226	2,300	2,608	2,705	2,643	2,654	2,643	2,598	2,632	2,183	2,360	25,326	2,533	41	† 2·5
Southampton	5,768	1,614	1,801	2,049	1,959	1,910	1,977	2,181	2,185	2,019	1,875	19,570	1,957	34	*15·0
Stafford	8,292	3,886	4,045	3,552	3,065	3,335	3,937	5,091	4,920	6,423	5,263	43,517	4,352	52	†30·0
Suffolk	4,738	2,173	2,353	2,342	2,057	2,124	2,304	2,436	2,389	2,325	2,354	22,857	2,286	48	†20·0
Surrey	10,374	2,128	2,260	2,180	2,129	2,205	2,185	2,473	2,451	2,134	2,039	22,184	2,218	21	*47·5
Sussex	4,268	1,452	1,480	1,400	1,364	1,443	1,427	1,594	1,534	1,512	1,371	14,577	1,458	34	*15·0
Warwick	6,494	1,512	2,470	2,294	2,052	2,415	2,516	2,670	2,958	2,870	2,855	24,612	2,461	38	* 5·0
Westmorland	780	195	191	177	185	193	225	237	321	220	135	2,079	208	27	*32·5
Wilts	3,236	1,495	1,603	1,550	1,487	1,522	1,527	1,685	1,642	1,481	1,528	15,520	1,552	48	†20·0
Worcester	5,536	3,201	3,098	2,934	2,588	2,528	2,974	3,744	4,192	1,871	1,643	28,773	2,877	52	†30·0
York	26,664	11,439	11,899	10,726	10,503	11,099	12,970	13,395	12,688	11,797	11,930	118,446	11,845	44	†10·0
North Wales	5,164	3,028	3,022	2,999	2,925	2,694	2,737	2,916	3,219	2,904	1,951	28,395	2,840	55	†37·5
South Wales	8,152	4,382	4,532	4,378	4,093	4,190	4,617	4,978	5,565	4,703	4,811	46,249	4,625	57	†42·5
Total for England and Wales	261,340	100,616	104,335	99,634	94,996	101,235	107,985	118,894	117,633	104,306	105,937	1,050,907	105,091	40