The ascendancy of France, 1598-1715 - Henry Offley Wakeman

Olden-Barneveldt, execution of, [223].
Oliva, peace of, [183], [281], [290].
Opdam, admiral, [228], [229].
—— general, [350].
Orange, House of, importance of the, [219];
rivalry of with the republican party, [221].
Ornano, [143].
Osnabrück, congress of, [122].
Oudenarde, battle of, [362].
Oxenstjerna, leadership of after Lützen, [100];
conduct of in the Thirty Years’ War, [100], [101], [115];
character and policy of, [166];
oligarchy established in Sweden by, [168];
war of with Denmark, [169];
acquisition of Halland by, [170].

Papacy, the, quarrel of with Louis XIV., [250].
Pappenheim, general, [89], [92], [98], [99].
Parkan, battle of, [286].
Parlement de Paris, character and powers of, [4];
recognition of Marie de Medicis as regent by, [31];
the will of Louis XIII. set aside by, [155];
refusal of to register the octroi edict, [157];
programme of reform of, [157], [158];
surrender of to the nobles and populace, [160].
Parthenon, the, destruction of, [287].
Partition Treaties, the, of 1667, [211];
negotiations for that of 1699, [317–321];
conclusion of the first of, [322];
chances of the success of, [322];
conclusion of the second of, [324];
unpopularity of among the English and Dutch, [327];
general acceptance of in Europe, [327];
opposition to by the Emperor and Savoy, [328];
difficulties in the carrying out of, [332].
Passarovitz, treaty of, [289].
Patkul, [305], [306].
Paulette, the, [18], [24].
Paul V., [45].
Pays d’election, and pays d’état, [19].
Pelisson, [255].
Perpetual Edict, the, [233].
Peter the Great, Czar of Russia, capture of Azof by, [288], [302];
defeat of on the Pruth, [288], [309];
education of, [301];
character of, [302];
domestic policy of, [303];
foreign policy of, [304];
defeat of, at Narva, [306];
victory of at Pultava, [308].
Peterborough, earl of, [360].
Petersburg, S., foundation of, [304], [307].
Peterwardein, battle of, [288].
Philip III. of Spain, [63].
—— IV. of Spain, [209].
—— V. of Spain, claim of, [313];
acknowledged as king by the Spaniards, [334], [365];
recognised by the treaty of Utrecht, [367].
Piccolomini, general, [98], [102], [121].
Pinerolo, [27].
Poland, the Counter-Reformation in, [44];
condition and institutions of, [278];
weakness of, [280].
See Sigismund, [John Casimir], [John Sobieski], [Augustus the Strong].
Pomerania, question of the succession to, [175].
—— east, acquired by Brandenburg, [180].
Pontchartrain, [264].
Portland, duke of, [264], [318].
Porto-Carrero, cardinal, [330].
Portugal, independence of, [117].
Prague, treaty of, [103].
Pressburg, treaty of, [72].
Project of Harmony, the, [233].
Protective system, the, of the seventeenth century reasons for, [16], [198].
Protestantism, inherent weakness of, [40];
critical state of in Germany in 1630, [76].
Prussia, East, duchy of, [176].
—— West or Polish, [178].
—— kingdom of, [310].
Pultava, battle of, [308].
Pyrenees, the, peace of, [131].

Quadruple Alliance, the, [230].
Quebec, foundation of, [17].

Ragotsky, [351].
Ramillies, battle of, [358].
Rastadt, treaty of, [366].
Ravaillac, [30].
Ravensberg, duchy of, [51], [177].
Reformation, the, in Germany, [9].
Regale, the, right of, [250].
Regensburg, diets at, [66], [79];
truce of, [259].
Restitution, Edict of, [77], [96].
Rethel, battle of, [162].
Réunions, Chambres des, [258].
Rhode, [293].
Richelieu, cardinal, adviser of Marie de Medicis, [36];
entry of into the ministry, [38];
alliance of with Gustavus Adolphus, [88], [113];
foreign policy of, [106];
the Valtelline recovered by, [110];
interference of in the Mantuan question, [111];
intrigues of in Germany, [112];
declaration of war against Spain by, [114];
want of success of at first, [115];
ultimate success of, [117];
position of France at the death of, [117];
character of, [133];
principles of the government of, [134];
want of sympathy of with the people, [137];
suppression of the Huguenot rising of 1625 by, [142];
war of with England, [144];
the political power of the Huguenots suppressed by, [146];
administrative changes of, [148];
success of in the Day of Dupes, [150];
the power of the nobles crushed by, [151], [152];
centralising policy of, [153].
Rie, battle of, [37].
Rocroy, battle of, [119].
Rohan, risings of, [36], [145].
Romanoff dynasty, the, accession of, [299].
Rooke, Sir George, [356].
Royal, Port, [373].
Rudolf II., emperor, [10], [11], [29], [45], [50].
Ruel, peace of, [162].
Ruppa, [54].
Russia, early history of, [298];
rivalry of with Sweden, [84];
supremacy of after Nystädt, [309].
—— See [Alexis], [Sophia], [Peter the Great].
Ruvigny, [257].
Ruyter, [229], [239].
Ryswick, peace of, [264].

Saluzzo, [27].
Savoy, importance of the duchy of, [26].
—— Emanuel, duke of, [27].
—— Charles Emanuel, duke of, assistance given to the Bohemians by, [55].
—— Victor Amadeus, duke of, defeat of at Staffarda, [263];
refusal of to accept the partition treaty, [328];
alliance of with France, [342];
the Grand Alliance joined by, [351].
Schellenberg, the, storming of, [354].
Schomberg, [208], [257].
Schwartzenburg, [179].
Secularised lands in Germany, question of, [46].
Sedan, surrender of to France, [152].
Seignelay, [259], [264].
Selim the Sot, [273].
Seneff, battle of, [242].
Servien, [162].
Seventeenth century, importance of, [1];
alteration in the political ideas of, [185];
end of the, [372].
Sigismond Augustus, of Poland, [279].
—— of Poland, religious policy of, [44];
expulsion of from Sweden, [83];
war of with Gustavus Adolphus, [85].
Silesia, occupation of by Wallenstein, [73].
Silesians, assistance given by to the Bohemians, [56];
reduction of by John George of Saxony, [64].
Sinzheim, battle of, [242].
Sitvatorok, treaty of, [273].
Slavata, [52].
Sobieski, John, of Poland, alienation of by Louis XIV., [260];
defeat of Russia and the Cossacks by, [281];
defeat of the Cossacks and Turks by, [282];
election of as king of Poland, [283];
the peace of Zurawno made by, [283];
alliance of with the emperor, [284];
relief of Vienna by, [285];
the Turks driven out of Hungary by, [286].
Soissons, count of, [143].
Somers, [327].
Sophia, princess, regency of, [300].
Soubise, risings of, [37], [142].
Spain, state of, in 1598, [12];
weakness of, [129], [322].
Spanish Succession, the, question of, [312].
Spinola, [67], [111].
S. Germain, assembly of, [251].
S. Germain-en-Laye, treaty of, [297].
S. Gothard, battle of, [209].
S. Menehould, treaty of, [33].
St. John, [227].
Stadtholderate, the Dutch, put into commission, [225].
Stadtlohn, battle of, [67].
Staffarda, battle of, [263].
Stahremberg, defence of Vienna by, [285].
—— defeat of, at Villa Viciosa, [365].
Stanhope, capture of Port Mahon by, [361];
capitulation of, [365].
Stanislas Leczinski made king of Poland, [306].
States-General, the, of France, character of, [3];
meeting of in 1614, [33].
Steinkirk, battle of, [263].
Stolbova, peace of, [85].
Stolhofen, lines of, [351].
Stralsund, siege of, [74].
Strasburg, seizure of by Louis XIV., [258].
Streltsi, the, [299];
revolts of, [300];
abolition of, [304].
Stuhmsdorf, treaty of, [86], [87].
Suleiman, the Magnificent, [268], [271].
Sully, character of, [15];
economical policy of, [16];
financial reforms of, [17], [21];
retirement of, [31].
Sweden, condition of at the beginning of the century, [81], [84];
acquisition of Holland by, [170];
adhesion of to the Triple Alliance, [212];
alliance of with France, [215];
loss of supremacy in the north by, [309];
—— See [Gustavus Adolphus], [Oxenstjerna], [Charles X.], [Charles XI.], [Charles XII.]
Swieten, Cornelius Bicker von, [225].
Szcelankemen, battle of, [287].

Taille, the, in France, [18], [19].
Tallard, count, the partition treaties negotiated by, [318], [323];
advice to Louis XIV. to keep faith, [331];
campaigns of on the Rhine, [351], [354], [355].
Taxation in France, [18–21].
Temple, Sir William, [211].
Theodore, Czar of Russia, [300].
Throwing from the window, the, [52].
Thurn, count, [52], [57].
Tilly, count, general of the League, [30], [49];
victory of at the White Mountain, [63];
victories of at Höchst, Wimpfen and Lutter, [66], [73];
invasion of Saxony by, [91];
defeat of at Breitenfeld, [92];
defeat of at the Lech, and death of, [95].
Tököli, [284], [286].
Tolhuys, the, crossing of the Rhine at, [238].
Torcy, [331].
Torstenson, general, [92], [120], [169].
Tourville, de, admiral, [259], [263].
Travendal, treaty of, [306].
Triple Alliance, the, [212], [215].
Tromp, admiral, [228], [229].
Troublous Times, the, [299].
Turenne, count of, advice of at Freiburg, [120];
determination of the Thirty Years’ War by, [120];
campaign of against Condé in Champagne, [130];
victory of at the Dunes, [131];
adhesion of to the Fronde, [161];
defeat of at Rethel, [162];
return of to the king’s side and defeat of Condé by, [163];
campaign of in the Netherlands, [210];
invasion of the United Provinces by, [237];
campaigns of on the Rhine, [239], [240], [242];
winter campaign of, [242];
death of, [243].
Turin, battle of, [357], [359].
Turks, the Ottoman, establishment of in Europe, [266];
defects of the rule of, [268];
causes of the success of, [270];
summit of the power of, [271];
alliance of with France, [272];
antagonism of to Austria, [274];
revival of under the Kiuprili, [276];
defeat of at Vienna, [285];
loss of the Danube valley by, [288].

Urban VIII., [111].
Union, the Protestant, in Germany, [49], [65].
United Provinces, the. See [The Dutch].
Utrecht, peace of, provisions of the, [367];
merits and demerits of the, [367–372].

Valtelline, the valley of the, [13], [109].
Vasvar, treaty of, [277].
Vauban, [258], [262].
Vendôme, duke of, [36], [143], [156].
—— duke of, campaign of against Eugene in Italy, [345];
advance of to Trent, [351];
retreat of to Piedmont, [351];
campaign of in the Netherlands, [361];
campaign of in Spain, [365].
Vere, [65].
Vervins, peace of, [6], [11], [14], [27].
Victor Amadeus. See [Savoy].
Vigo, battle at, [356].
Villa Viciosa, victory of the Portuguese at, [209];
victory of the Spaniards at, [365].
Villars, marshal, campaign of on the Danube 1703, [351];
capture of Stolhofen by, [360];
intrusted with the last army of France, [364];
campaigns of on the frontiers, [364], [365];
victories of on the Rhine, [366].
Villeroy, marshal, campaign of in Italy, [344];
campaigns of in the Netherlands, [355], [357], [358].

Wallenstein, count, conduct of at Zablat, [58];
character and views of, [69];
offer of to raise an army, [70];
campaign against Mansfeld, [71], [72];
occupation of Silesia and Pomerania by, [73];
resistance of Stralsund to, [74];
political results of the success of, [75];
difference of with Ferdinand and the League, [78];
dismissal of by Ferdinand, [80];
appealed to by Ferdinand, [95];
appointed dictator, [96];
campaigns of against Gustavus Adolphus, [97], [98];
ambitious schemes of, [101];
declared traitor and murdered, [102].
Warsaw, battle of, [182].
Webb, general, [362].
Wehlau, treaty of, [183], [281].
Werth, John, [120].
Westphalia, peace of, the provisions of the, [123], [124];
importance of the, [125–129].
White Mountain, battle of, [63].
William the Silent, of Orange, [217], [219].
—— II. of Orange, attempt of to become king, [224];
death of, [225].
—— III. of Orange, education of by the State, [230];
elected captain general, [233];
accessory to the murder of de Witt, [234];
defence of Holland by in 1672, [237];
elected stadtholder, [239];
defeat of at Seneff, [242];
attacks Luxemburg near Mons to prevent peace, [244];
character of, [246];
made king of England, [262];
campaigns of in the Netherlands, [263];
negotiations for a partition treaty, [318–324];
policy of in the negotiations, [320];
unpopularity of in England, [327];
recognition of Philip V. by, [334];
formation of the Grand Alliance by, [340];
death of, [341].
Willstedt, truce of, [32].
Wimpfen, battle of, [66].
Wittstock, battle of, [116].
Witt, John de, negotiation of the Triple Alliance by, [210–212];
appointment of as grand pensionary of Holland, [225];
character and policy of, [226];
policy of towards England, [228], [231];
policy of towards France, [232];
enmity of to the House of Orange, [226], [233];
murder of, [234].
Wrangel, [121].
Wynendaal, battle of, [362].

Xanten, treaty of, [51], [177].