The ascendancy of France, 1598-1715 - Henry Offley Wakeman

Ecclesiastical Reservation, the, [47].
Electorate of the Palatinate, transference of, [66].
Elector Palatine. See [Frederick V.], [Charles Lewis].
Emanuel, duke of Savoy. See [Savoy].
Emperor, the, position of in 1598, [7];
in 1715, [370].
England, condition of in 1598, [12];
in 1715, [369].
Epernon, duke of, [24], [31], [36].
Esthonia, annexed by Sweden, [84].
Estrades, count of, [207], [212].
Eternal Peace, treaty of, [300].
Eugene, prince, victory of at Zenta, [287];
victory of at Peterwardein, [288];
campaign of in Italy 1701, [342];
capture of Villeroy by, [344];
retreat of behind the Adige, [345];
critical position of at Innsbruck, [351];
junction of with Malborough, [354];
victory of at Blenheim, [355];
conquest of north Italy by, [357];
junction with Marlborough before Oudenarde, [362];
capture of Lille by, [362];
storm of Malplaquet by, [364];
defeat of by Villars at Denain and Freiburg, [366].
Exclusion, act of, [228], [229].

Fabert, [139], [149].
Fabricius, [52].
Faubourg S. Antoine, battle of, [163].
Fehrbellin, battle of, [244], [296].
Ferdinand I. emperor, [10].
—— II., emperor, religious policy of, [45];
election of as king of Hungary, [51];
recognised as king of Bohemia, [52];
critical condition of at Vienna, [57];
election of as Emperor, [59];
deposition of by the Bohemian estates, [59];
conquest of Bohemia by, [63];
suppression of Protestantism in Bohemia by, [64];
effect of military success upon, [76];
issue of the Edict of Restitution by, [77];
dismissal of Wallenstein by, [80];
Saxony driven to alliance with Sweden by, [91];
appeal of to Wallenstein, [95];
appointment of Wallenstein as dictator by, [96];
Wallenstein declared traitor by, [102];
refusal of to give the Swedes German territory, [115];
death of, [121].
—— III., emperor, [102], [121].
—— the cardinal infant, [102].
Form of Government, the, [167].
Fouquet, Nicholas, [195].
France, condition of in 1598, [2];
the indefensible frontier of, [25], [108];
the colonial empire of, [204];
condition of in 1715, [368].
Franche Comté, acquisition of, by France, [213], [244].
Frauenstadt, battle of, [306].
Frederick Henry of Nassau, [220], [224].
Frederick III. of Denmark, war of with Sweden, [182];
defeat of by Charles X., [183];
monarchical revolution effected by, [291].
—— IV. of Denmark, war of with Sweden, [305];
defeat of by Charles XII., [306].
—— V., Elector Palatine, head of the Protestant Union, [49];
character of, [55];
support to the Bohemians sent by, [55];
conduct of at the imperial election, [58];
election of as king of Bohemia, [59];
acceptance of the crown of Bohemia by, [61];
alienation of England and the Lutherans by, [61];
driven from Bohemia and the Palatinate, [63];
death of, [122].
Frederick William of Brandenburg, See [Brandenburg].
Freiburg, battle of, [120].
Fronde, the, weakness of France owing to, [130];
outbreak of, [157];
constitutional reforms of, [157], [158];
opposition of to a prime minister, [159];
weakness of the constitutional element in, [160];
lead of taken by the nobles, [160];
risings of in the provinces, [162];
factious character of, [163];
end of, [164].
Fuentes, count of, [120].

Gabelle, the, [20].
Gallas, [102].
Gallican Church, liberties of the, [249].
Galway, expedition of to Portugal, [360];
occupation of Madrid by, [360];
defeat of at Almanza, [361];
recall of, [361].
Gaston, duke of Orléans, plots of against Richelieu, [143], [149], [150];
reconciliation of with Richelieu, [152];
conduct of in the Fronde, [162].
George William of Brandenburg. See [Brandenburg].
Germain-en-Laye, S., treaty of, [297].
Germany, condition of in 1598, [7–9];
in 1715, [370].
Gertruydenberg, negotiations at, [366].
Gibraltar, capture of, [357].
Golitsin, Prince Basil, [300].
Gondi, archbishop of Paris, [158].
Gordon, general, [302].
Gothard, S., battle of, [209], [277].
Guiton, mayor of La Rochelle, [146].
Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden, interference of in Germany, [80];
objects of, [81];
Swedish policy of, [84];
wars of with Denmark, Russia, and Poland, [85];
negotiations of with England, [86];
landing of in Germany, [87];
alliance of with France, [88];
reception of in Germany, [88];
failure of to relieve Magdeburg, [90];
retreat of to Werben, [90];
alliance of with Saxony and Brandenburg, [91];
victory of at Breitenfeld, [91];
conquest of central Germany by, [94];
proposal of for a Protestant alliance under Sweden, [95];
victory of at the Lech, [95];
failure of before Nuremberg, [97];
march of into Saxony, [97];
victory and death of at Lützen, [98];
results of the death of, [99].
Gustavus Vasa of Sweden, [82].

Hague, the, negotiations at in 1708, [363].
Harcourt, count of, ambassador at Madrid, [326], [331], [336].
Harley, Tory ministry of in 1710, [365];
private negotiations of with Louis XIV., [366];
the treaty of Utrecht made by, [366].
Heilbronn, league of, [100], [113].
Heinsius, grand pensionary of Holland, negotiations for a partition treaty by, [318], [320];
the first partition treaty concluded by, [322];
negotiations of for a second treaty, [323];
the second partition treaty concluded by, [324];
unpopularity of the policy of, [334];
the Grand Alliance joined by, [340].
Henrietta Maria, queen of England, marriage of, [110];
treaty between Louis XIV. and Charles II. negotiated by, [230].
Henry III. of France, [3].
—— IV. of France, absolution of, [6], [14];
difficulties of, [14];
character of, [15];
economical policy of, [17];
policy of towards the nobles, [23];
foreign policy of, [24–30];
death of, [30].
Höchstadt, battle of, [352].
Höchst, battle of, [66].
Hogue, La, battle of, [263].
Holland, the province of, importance of, [218], [223].
Holy League, the, [286].
Horn, general, [89], [103].
Hospitallers, the Knights, [267], [275].
Huguenots, the, rising of in 1620, [36];
position of in 1622, [140];
organization of, [141];
risings of, [141], [145];
suppression of as a political organization, [146];
existence of contrary to Louis XIV.’s love of uniformity, [253];
persecution of, [255];
emigration of, [257].

Ibrahim I., Ottoman Sultan, [275].
Imperial courts, the, of Germany, [8].
Ingria, ceded to Sweden, [85].
Innocent XI., quarrel of with Louis XIV., [250].
Innocent XII., reconciliation of with Louis XIV., [252].
Intendants, appointment of in France, [19], [154].
Italy, condition of in 1598, [13].
Ivan the Terrible, Czar of Russia, [298].
—— II., Czar of Russia, [300], [302].
Ivry, battle of, [3].

Jagellon, Catherine, [44], [82].
James I. of England, policy of towards Spain, [55];
attitude of towards the Bohemian question, [60];
disavowal of Frederick by, [61];
enlistment of troops authorised by, [68];
war declared against Spain by, [68].
—— II. of England, quarrel of with Louis XIV., [261];
expulsion of from England, [262];
death of, [340].
Janizaries, the, [270].
Jansenists, condemnation of the, [373].
Jeannin, [35].
Jesus, the Society of, [11], [42].
John Casimir, of Poland, recognition of the Great Elector by, [179];
war of with Sweden, [181];
defeat of at Warsaw, [182];
the treaty of Wehlau made by, [183];
participation of in the treaty of Oliva, [183];
war of with Russia and the Cossacks, [281];
abdication of, [281].
John George, elector of Saxony, refusal of to help the Bohemians, [53];
policy of with regard to the imperial election, [58];
invasion of Silesia by, [64];
refusal of to join Gustavus Adolphus, [88];
refusal of to disband his troops, [91];
alliance of with Gustavus Adolphus, [91];
occupation of Bohemia by, [95];
expulsion of by Wallenstein, [96];
the peace of Prague made by, [103];
political views of, [104];
defeat of at Wittstock, [116];
treaty with the Swedes made by, [123].
John Sigismond, elector of Brandenburg. See [Brandenburg].
Joseph, Father, [79], [112], [116].
—— I., emperor, [366].
—— Ferdinand, electoral prince, claim of to the throne of Spain, [313];
share of in the partition treaty, [322];
death of, [323].
Jülich, duchy of, question of the succession to, [28], [51].

Kalkstein, count, [293], [294].
Kara Mustafa, grand vizier, [283];
war of against the empire, [284];
defeat of before Vienna, [286];
death of, [286].
Kardis, treaty of, [183].
Kingship, theory of in the seventeenth century, [187], [188].
Kiuprili, Mohammed, grand vizier, [276];
quarrel of with France, [277].
—— Achmet, grand vizier, attack of upon the empire, [277];
defeat of at S. Gothard, [277];
capture of Candia by, [278];
war of with Poland, [282];
death of, [283].
—— Mustafa, grand vizier, [287].
Knärod, peace of, [85].
Königsberg, treaty of, [181].

Labiau, treaty of, [182].
La Feuillade, [209].
La Force, [37].
La Rochelle, [6], [38];
siege of, [145].
La Vieuville, [38].
League, the Catholic, in Germany, [49];
Ferdinand assisted by in Bohemia, [62];
the dismissal of Wallenstein procured by, [79].
Lefort, [302].
Leopol, battle of, [282].
Leopold I., emperor, the partition treaty of 1667 made by, [211];
coalition against Louis joined by, [239];
war of with the Turks, [277];
the Hungarians persecuted by, [283];
the kingdom of Prussia recognised by, [310];
claim of to the throne of Spain, [314];
designs of, upon Italy, [316];
refusal of to accept the partition treaty, [328];
the Grand Alliance joined by, [340];
death of, [357].
Lepanto, battle of, [267], [273].
Lesdiguières, [30], [37], [110].
Leslie, Alexander, [87].
Le Tellier, [162].
Levenhaupt, [308].
Lille, acquisition of by France, [213];
capture of by prince Eugene, [362].
Lionne, [162], [215].
Lit de justice, a, [5].
Livonia, acquired by Sweden, [84], [86].
Longueville, duke of, [161], [162].
Lorraine, duchy of, occupied by the French, [151].
—— duke of, [284], [286], [327].
Loudun, treaty of, [33].
Louis of Baden, prince, [351], [354].
—— XIII., of France, declared of age, [35];
Luynes supported by, [36];
promise of to let Mansfeld cross France, [68];
withdrawal of the promise, [68];
invasion of Italy by, [111];
character of, [139];
suppression of the Huguenots by, [146];
serious illness of, [149];
support of Richelieu by in the Day of Dupes, [150];
death of, [118], [154].
—— XIV., of France, declared of age, [163];
suppression of the Fronde by, [164];
character and qualities of, [188];
theory of kingship of, [190];
attention of to detail, [193];
organisation of France under, [193];
choice of policy before in 1671, [204];
determination of to be dictator of Europe, [206];
humiliation of Spain and the Pope by, [207], [208];
assistance of the Portuguese and Venetians by, [209];
claim of to the Netherlands by the law of devolution, [209];
defeated by the Triple Alliance, [212];
greatness of the position of in 1672, [235];
attack of upon the Dutch, [236];
formation of a coalition against, [239];
the treaty of Nimwegen made by, [244];
quarrel of with the Pope, [248];
the four resolutions promulgated by, [250], [251];
reconciliation of with Innocent XII., [252];
alteration in the character of, [254];
attempt of to convert the Huguenots, [255];
persecution of the Huguenots by, [256];
revocation of the edict of Nantes by, [256];
aggressions of after Nimwegen, [257];
alienation of Europe by, [260];
invasion of England permitted by, [261];
war of against Europe, [262];
treaty of Ryswick made by, [264];
support of the Turks against the emperor by, [284];
foresight of with regard to the Spanish Succession question, [316];
adoption of a policy of partition by, [317];
objects of during the negotiations, [319];
conclusion of the partition treaties by, [322], [324];
policy of in concluding the treaties, [324];
will of Charles II. accepted by, [331];
policy of in accepting it, [332], [339];
difficulties of, [339];
aggressive policy of, [340];
war of against Europe, [340];
plan of for the conduct of the war, [350], [352];
results of the battle of Blenheim upon, [357];
loss of Italy by, [357];
negotiations of for peace, [363];
appeal of to France, [364];
renewal of negotiations, [365];
conclusion of the peace of Utrecht by, [367];
death of, [373].
Louis, the Dauphin, claim of to the throne of Spain, [313];
share of in the partition treaties, [322], [324];
advocacy of his son’s rights by, [331];
death of, [373].
Louvois, minister of war, [215];
advice of to refuse the Dutch terms, 1672, [239];
organisation of the army by, [259];
death of, [264].
Loyola, Ignatius, [42].
Lübeck, peace of, [75].
Lutheranism, political aspects of in Germany, [10], [11], [40].
Lutter, battle of, [73].
Lützen, battle of, [98].
Luxemburg, duke of, [244].
Luynes, count of, [36], [37].

Macchiavelli, influence of in politics, [108].
Magdeburg, sack of, [89].
Mahon, Port, capture of, [361].
Maintenon, Madame de, [252], [254], [331], [373].
Malplaquet, battle of, [364].
Mancini, Marie, [172].
Mansfeld, employment of in Bohemia, [55–57];
abandonment of the upper Palatinate by, [65];
dismissal of by Frederick V., [66];
employment of by the Dutch and English, [67];
campaign of against Wallenstein, [71];
death of, [72].
Mantua, question of the succession to, [111].
Margaret Theresa, claim of to the throne of Spain, [313].
Maria, daughter of Philip III., claim of to the throne of Spain, [314].
Maria Antonia, claim of to the throne of Spain, [313].
Maria Theresa, claim of to the throne of Spain, [313].
Marie de Medicis, marriage of, [27];
regency of, [31];
disastrous government of, [32–36];
attack of on Richelieu, [150].
Marie of Neuburg, queen of Spain, [329].
Marienbad, treaty of, [182].
Maritime nations, the policy of with regard to Spain, [315].
Marlborough, duke of, visit of to Charles XII., [307];
appointment of, to the command in the Netherlands, [345];
the military qualities of, [345];
personal character of, [347];
occupation of the lower Rhineland by, [349], [350];
the Blenheim campaign of, [353–356];
the Ramillies campaign of, [358];
the Oudenarde campaign of, [361];
critical political situation of, [363];
victory of at Malplaquet, [364];
dismissal of, [365].
Marsin, [352], [355].
Martinitz, [52].
Masaniello, [130].
Matthias, emperor, rising of against Rudolf II. in Austria, [50];
recognition of as king of Bohemia, [50];
election of as emperor, [50];
death of, [56].
Maurice of Nassau, [31], [65], [219], [221], [223].
Maximilian of Bavaria, [30];
religious policy of, [45];
suppression of Protestantism by at Donauwörth, [48];
appointed head of the Catholic league, [49];
assistance of to Ferdinand, [62];
character of, [62];
recognition of as elector, [66];
defeat of by Turenne, [121];
gains of at the peace of Westphalia, [124].
Max Emanuel, elector of Bavaria, [313], [334];
adhesion of to Louis XIV., [350];
campaign of against Eugene, [351];
defeat of by Marlborough, [354], [355].
Mazarin, cardinal, employment of in the peace of Cherasco, [112];
Richelieu’s foreign policy continued by, [118];
success of at the peace of Westphalia, [129];
alliance of with Cromwell, [131];
success of at the peace of the Pyrenees, [131];
character of, [156];
policy of towards the Parlement de Paris, [158];
unpopularity of, [159];
arrest of the princes by, [162];
flight of, [162];
return of to power, [164].
Mazeppa, [307].
Mehaigne, the lines of the, [350].
Mello, [118].
Menschikoff, [304].
Messenius, [173].
Methuen, [360].
Michael, king of Poland, [282].
Michael Romanoff, Czar of Russia, [299].
Milanese, the, [25].
Mocenigo, [275], [277].
Modena, duke of, [344].
Mohacz, battle of, [287].
Mohammed II., [268], [271].
—— III., [275].
—— IV., [287].
Molé, [161].
Monaleschi, murder of, [172].
Monk, general, [230], [231].
Mons, [262], [364].
Montauban, [6], [37].
Montecuculli, victory of at S. Gothard, [209], [277];
campaigns of on the Rhine, [240–243].
Montmorency-Bouteville, execution of, [144].
Montmorency, rising of, [151].
Montpellier, treaty of, [38], [143].
Montpensier, Anne of, Mademoiselle, [163].
Monzon, treaty of, [111], [143].
Morea, the capture and recapture of, [287], [288].
Moriscoes, the expulsion of, [30].
Morosini, [277], [286–288].
Mülhausen, agreement of, [62].
Münster, congress of, [122].
Münster, treaty of, [224].
—— bishop of, [215], [230], [240].
Murad IV., [275].
Mustafa II., [287].

Nantes, the edict of, [6], [14], [256].
Namur, capture of, [263].
Narva, battle of, [306].
Naryshkins, the, [300].
Navigation, act of, [227].
Neerwinden, battle of, [263].
Nevers, duke of, [111].
Neuburg, count palatine of, [28].
Nimwegen, peace of, [244].
Ninon de l’Enclos, [172].
Nördlingen, battle of, [102];
second battle of, [120].
Nystädt, peace of, [309].