[333]. Hall, P. F., op. cit., p. 194.
[334]. Ibid., p. 186. For a general discussion of these abuses, see Hall, op. cit., Ch. IX.
[335]. Americans in Process, p. 157.
[336]. Act of March 2, 1907.
[337]. Cf. Champernowne, Henry, The Boss, Ch. XIII.
[338]. Commons, J. R., Races and Immigrants in America, p. 182.
[339]. Cf. throughout, Commons, op. cit., Ch. VIII.
[340]. Twelfth Census, Vol. I, p. xxxii. Includes land and water. Figures for land area alone are given in A Century of Population Growth, p. 54. Taking land in this restricted sense would not materially affect the conclusions.
[341]. This change has been furthered, according to Professor Taussig, by immigration. Principles of Economics, Vol. I, p. 545.
[342]. The importance of this change is emphasized by noting Professor Guy S. Callender’s statement, “Perhaps the most important circumstance affecting American society is the fact that the people have always been in contact with unoccupied lands.” Economic History of the United States, p. 667. Professor Taussig points out also, in this connection, that unskilled labor is more needed when a plant is being constructed than when it is being utilized. Principles of Economics, Vol. II, p. 154, footnote.