With Fire and Sword: An Historical Novel of Poland and Russia

by Henryk Sienkiewicz

[Footnote 14]: "Hmel," a nickname for Hmelnitski among the Poles, = "hops."

[Footnote 15]: Holota (Nakedness) was often given as a nickname to a poor noble.

[Footnote 16]: Nicknames given by Hmelnitski to the three Polish commanders.

[Footnote 17]: Kapustsiani, "of cabbage," the masculine form of the adjective. Kapustsiana glowa means "a cabbage head; a stupid fellow." Glowa is the ordinary word for head in Polish, and takes the feminine adjective ending in a: hence Kapustsiana. For explanation of the other names see list of names and places.

[Footnote 18]: This means, "Everything or nothing;" "Carry the day or go to a monastery."

[Footnote 19]: Circassians from the Caucasus.

[Footnote 20]: Div is a Persian word for "demon" or "evil spirit." This word meant "a divinity" in times anterior to Zoroaster, and is identical with the root div in our word "divine." In India and Europe it retained its original signification, and became of evil import only in Persia, in consequence of the triumph of Zoroastrianism.

[Footnote 21]: "Panowie" is the plural of Pan.