CONTENTS

CHAP.PAGE
I.The Nü-chêns and Kitans[1]
II.The Fall of the Mings[14]
III.Shun Chih[28]
IV.Kʽang Hsi[40]
V.Yung Chêng and Chʽien Lung[52]
VI.Chia Chʽing[61]
VII.Tao Kuang[69]
VIII.Hsien Fêng[81]
IX.Tʽung Chih[98]
X.Kuang Hsü[106]
XI.Hsüan Tʽung[121]
XII.Sun Yat-sen[129]
List of Works Consulted[141]
Index[142]

ILLUSTRATIONS AND MAP

A Nü-chên Tartar (14th Century)[Frontispiece]
A Kitan Tartar (14th Century)[facing page 2]
Sketch Map of the Far East[at end]

NOTE

It is impossible to give here a complete key to the pronunciation of Chinese words. For those who wish to pronounce with approximate correctness the proper names in this volume, the following may be a rough guide:—

a as in alms.
ê " u in fun.
i " ie in thief.
o " aw in saw.
u " oo in soon.
ü " u in French, or ü in German.
ŭ " e in her.
ai " aye (yes).
ao " ow in cow.
ei " ey in prey.
ow " o (not as ow in cow).
ch " ch in church.
chih " chu in church.
hs " sh (hsiu=sheeoo).
j " in French.
ua and uo " wa and wo.

The insertion of a rough breathing ʽ calls for a strong aspirate.