Essays: Scientific, Political, & Speculative; Vol. 2 of 3 / Library Edition (1891), Containing Seven Essays not before Republished, and Various other Additions.

by Herbert Spencer

• PART I.—THE DATA OF PSYCHOLOGY.
  • 1. The Nervous System.
  • 2. The Structure of the Nervous System.
  • 3. The Functions of the Nervous System.
  • 4. The Conditions essential to Nervous Action.
  • 5. Nervous Stimulation and Nervous Discharge.
  • 6. Æstho-Physiology.
• PART II.—THE INDUCTIONS OF PSYCHOLOGY.
  • 1. The Substance of Mind.
  • 2. The Composition of Mind.
  • 3. The Relativity of Feelings.
  • 4. The Relativity of Relations between Feelings.
  • 5. The Revivability of Feelings.
  • 6. The Revivability of Relations between Feelings.
  • 7. The Associability of Feelings.
  • 8. The Associability of Relations between Feelings.
  • 9. Pleasures and Pains.
• PART III.—GENERAL SYNTHESIS.
  • 1. Life and Mind as Correspondence.
  • 2. The Correspondence as Direct and Homogeneous.
  • 3. The Correspondence as Direct but Heterogeneous.
  • 4. The Correspondence as extending in Space.
  • 5. The Correspondence as extending in Time.
  • 6. The Correspondence as increasing in Speciality.
  • 7. The Correspondence as increasing in Generality.
  • 8. The Correspondence as increasing in Complexity.
  • 9. The Co-ordination of Correspondences.
  • 10. The Integration of Correspondences.
  • 11. The Correspondences in their Totality.
• PART IV.—SPECIAL SYNTHESIS.
  • 1. The Nature of Intelligence.
  • 2. The Law of Intelligence.
  • 3. The Growth of Intelligence.
  • 4. Reflex Action.
  • 5. Instinct.
  • 6. Memory.
  • 7. Reason.
  • 8. The Feelings.
  • 9. The Will.
• PART V.—PHYSICAL SYNTHESIS.
  • 1. A Further Interpretation Needed.
  • 2. The Genesis of Nerves.
  • 3. The Genesis of Simple Nervous Systems.
  • 4. The Genesis of Compound Nervous Systems.
  • 5. The Genesis of Doubly-Compound Nervous Systems.
  • 6. Functions as Related to these Structures.
  • 7. Psychical Laws as thus Interpreted.
  • 8. Evidence from Normal Variations.
  • 9. Evidence from Abnormal Variations.
  • 10. Results.
• APPENDIX.
  • On the Action of Anæsthetics and Narcotics.

CONTENTS OF VOL. II.

• PART VI.—SPECIAL ANALYSIS.
  • 1. Limitation of the Subject.
  • 2. Compound Quantitative Reasoning.
  • 3. Compound Quantitative Reasoning, continued.
  • 4. Imperfect and Simple Quantitative Reasoning.
  • 5. Quantitative Reasoning in General.
  • 6. Perfect Qualitative Reasoning.
  • 7. Imperfect Qualitative Reasoning.
  • 8. Reasoning in General.
  • 9. Classification, Naming, and Recognition.
  • 10. The Perception of Special Objects.
  • 11. The Perception of Body as presenting Dynamical, Statico-Dynamical, and Statical Attributes.
  • 12. The Perception of Body as presenting Statico-Dynamical and Statical Attributes.
  • 13. The Perception of Body as presenting Statical Attributes.
  • 14. The Perception of Space.
  • 15. The Perception of Time.
  • 16. The Perception of Motion.
  • 17. The Perception of Resistance.
  • 18. Perception in General.
  • 19. The Relations of Similarity and Dissimilarity.
  • 20. The Relations of Cointension and Non-Cointension.
  • 21. The Relations of Coextension and Non-Coextension.
  • 22. The Relations of Coexistence and Non-Coexistence.
  • 23. The Relations of Connature and Non-Connature.
  • 24. The Relations of Likeness and Unlikeness.
  • 25. The Relation of Sequence.
  • 26. Consciousness in General.
  • 27. Results.
• PART VII.—GENERAL ANALYSIS.
  • 1. The Final Question.
  • 2. The Assumption of Metaphysicians.
  • 3. The Words of Metaphysicians.
  • 4. The Reasonings of Metaphysicians.
  • 5. Negative Justification of Realism.
  • 6. Argument from Priority.
  • 7. The Argument from Simplicity.
  • 8. The Argument from Distinctness.
  • 9. A Criterion Wanted.
  • 10. Propositions qualitatively distinguished.
  • 11. The Universal Postulate.
  • 12. The test of Relative Validity.
  • 13. Its Corollaries.
  • 14. Positive Justification of Realism.
  • 15. The Dynamics of Consciousness.
  • 16. Partial Dif­fer­en­ti­a­tion of Subject and Object.
  • 17. Completed Dif­fer­en­ti­a­tion of Subject and Object.
  • 18. Developed Conception of the Object.
  • 19. Transfigured Realism.
• PART VIII.—CONGRUITIES.
  • 1. Preliminary.
  • 2. Co-ordination of Data and Inductions.
  • 3. Co-ordination of Syntheses.
  • 4. Co-ordination of Special Analyses.
  • 5. Co-ordination of General Analyses.
  • 6. Final Comparison.
• PART IX.—COROLLARIES.
  • 1. Special Psychology.
  • 2. Classification.
  • 3. Development of Conceptions.
  • 4. Language of the Emotions.
  • 5. Sociality and Sympathy.
  • 6. Egoistic Sentiments.
  • 7. Ego-Altruistic Sentiments.
  • 8. Altruistic Sentiments.
  • 9. Æsthetic Sentiments.

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THE PRINCIPLES OF SOCIOLOGY.

CONTENTS.

• PART I.—THE DATA OF SOCIOLOGY.
  • 1. Super-Organic Evolution.
  • 2. The Factors of Social Phenomena.
  • 3. Original External Factors.
  • 4. Original Internal Factors.
  • 5. The Primitive Man—Physical.
  • 6. The Primitive Man—Emotional.
  • 7. The Primitive Man—Intellectual.
  • 8. Primitive Ideas.
  • 9. The Ideas of the Animate and the Inanimate.
  • 10. The Ideas of Sleep and Dreams.
  • 11. The Ideas of Swoon, Apoplexy, Catelepsy, Ecstacy, and other forms of Insensibility.
  • 12. The Ideas of Death and Resurrection.
  • 13. The Ideas of Souls, Ghosts, Spirits, Demons.
  • 14. The Ideas of Another Life.
  • 15. The Ideas of Another World.
  • 16. The Ideas of Supernatural Agents.
  • 17. Supernatural Agents as causing Epilepsy and Convulsive Actions, Delirium and Insanity, Disease and Death.
  • 18. Inspiration, Divination, Exorcism, and Sorcery.
  • 19. Sacred Places, Temples, and Altars; Sacrifice, Fasting, and Propitiation; Praise and Prayer.
  • 20. Ancestor-Worship in General.
  • 21. Idol-Worship and Fetich-Worship.
  • 22. Animal-Worship.
  • 23. Plant-Worship.
  • 24. Nature-Worship.
  • 25. Deities.
  • 26. The Primitive Theory of Things.
  • 27. The Scope of Sociology.
• PART II.—THE INDUCTIONS OF SOCIOLOGY.
  • 1. What is a Society?
  • 2. A Society is an Organism.
  • 3. Social Growth.
  • 4. Social Structures.
  • 5. Social Functions.
  • 6. Systems of Organs.
  • 7. The Sustaining System.
  • 8. The Distributing System.
  • 9. The Regulating System.
  • 10. Social Types and Constitutions.
  • 11. Social Metamorphoses.
  • 12. Qualifications and Summary.
• PART III.—THE DOMESTIC RELATIONS.
  • 1. The Maintenance of Species.
  • 2. The Diverse Interests of the Species, of the Parents, and of the Offspring.
  • 3. Primitive Relations of the Sexes.
  • 4. Exogamy and Endogamy.
  • 5. Promiscuity.
  • 6. Polyandry.
  • 7. Polygyny.
  • 8. Monogamy.
  • 9. The Family.
  • 10. The Status of Women.
  • 11. The Status of Children.
  • 12. Domestic Retrospect and Prospect.

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