The Old Road - Hilaire Belloc - Page №75
The Old Road
Hilaire Belloc
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  • Jews occupied principal street of Winchester, [118]; their wealth in early Middle Ages, [118] (note).
  • Jolly Farmer, Inn at Puttenham, [160].
  • Kemsing, manor of, [226]; on map, [227].
  • Kent, shape of, forces Old Road westward, [18]; causes complexity of tides in Straits of Dover, [31]-[32].
  • Kentish Drover, the, [253] (note 1).
  • King's Worthy, church of, passage of Old Road to south of, [110]; mentioned in Domesday, [121] (note); its situation on Old Road discussed, [120]-[125]; passed on our journey, [125].
  • Kit's Coty House, referred to, [248] (note 1); visited, [253], [254].
  • Knockholt Farm, east of Chilham, Old Road recovered at, [270].
  • Land-fall, importance of, [52].
  • Landlords, their conservation of antiquities, [82].
  • Lead, mined in early times in the north, [19]; in the west, [20].
  • Len, River, [259].
  • Lenham, traces of flanking road above, [107]; church of, example of passage to north, [111]; passed, [257].
  • Lime Pits, [Dorking], [Betchworth], etc., see under their separate names; a mark of Old Road, [192]-[193].
  • London, growth of importance of as Roman rule failed, [65]; ousts Winchester, [87].
  • Longnose Point, alluded to, [38].
  • Lower Halling, a crossing of the Medway, its claims discussed, [248]-[249]; and map, [236].
  • Lucy, Bishop of Winchester, renders Itchen navigable, [130].
  • Lymington, as a harbour of Second Crossing, [54].
  • Lympne. See [Portus Lemanis].
  • Maiden Way, alluded to, [19].
  • Marden Park, track of Old Road round, and map, [211].
  • Margery Wood, passage of Old Road by, [198].
  • Martyrs' Worthy, passed on journey, [125].
  • Medina, river, as a harbour of the 'Second Crossing,' [54].
  • Medstead, watershed near, mentioned, [113].
  • Medway, River, crossing of, fully discussed, with map, [236]-[253].
  • —— Valley of, view over, from Wrotham described, [231]-[233].
  • Megalithic Monument. See [Kit's Coty House], [Addington], [Coldrum], etc.
  • Mendips, their importance as a metallic centre, [20].
  • Merstham, probable diversion of Old Road at, by Pilgrimage, [95] (note); example of church passed to south, [110].
  • —— House, passage of Old Road through grounds of, [204].
  • Metals, mined originally in West England, [19].
  • Method of Reconstruction of Old Road, [100]-[104].
  • Mole, river, point of crossing discussed, [181]-[183]; with map, [182].
  • Monk's Hatch, passage of Old Road through, [162].
  • Neolithic Man, his principal seat on green-sand south of North Downs, [23]; endurance of relics of, [73].
  • North Country, not important in early times, [19].
  • —— Downs, their position in scheme of prehistoric roads, [16]; the original and necessary platform of the Old Road, [24]-[25] (with map); view of these from Wrotham, [231]; 'funnel' formed by them at passage of Medway, [237]; road leaves them after Charing, [260].
  • —— Street, place-name suggesting passage of Old Road, [137].
  • Old Road, why the most important of English prehistoric roads, [17]-[24]; its first track sketched, [25]; why it ended at Canterbury, [31]-[42]; why it began at Winchester, [44]-[58]; short cut from Winchester to Farnham gradually superseded original western portion, [59]-[61] (with map); final form of, [62] (with map); causes of preservation of, [72]-[99]; proportion of known to unknown, [100]-[101] (with map); characteristics or 'habits' of, [104]-[113]. Its track from north gate of Winchester to King's Worthy, [120]-[125]; coincidence of, with modern road from King's Worthy to Itchen Stoke, [124]; arguments in favour of its crossing the Itchen at Itchen Stoke, [127]-[132]; recovering of lost portion in Ropley Valley, [132]-[136]; corresponds to high-road after Alton, causes of this, [149]-[154]; diversion at Puttenham, [158]; crosses Wey, [163]-[166]; passes St. Martha's, north of Weston Wood, Albury Park, [170]-[175]; crosses Mole at Pixham Mill, [180]-[183]; passes Betchworth Pits, [188]; lost after Merstham and recovered, [204]-[207]; discussion of track near Marden Park, [211]; and across Titsey Park, [214]-[216]; its loss after Chevening, [217]; typical section of, [225]-[230] (with map); its crossing of Medway discussed, [236]-[253]; clear along Downs to Charing, [256]-[260]; crosses Eastwell Park, Boughton Aluph, Godmersham, Chilham Park, [263]-[269]; lost for two miles east of Chilham, [270]-[271] (and map); passes Bigberry Camp, [273]; enters Canterbury by Westgate, [277].
  • Old Wives' Lees, doubts as to passage of Old Road by, [270]-[271] (and map).
  • Ordie, Domesday name for 'Worthy,' [121] (note).
  • Ordnance Map, 6-inch to the mile, probably wrong in track of Roman Road from north gate of Winchester, [124] (note); error in track given from Arthur's Seat to Oxted railway cutting, [213].
  • Ordnance Map, 1/2500, references to fields at Ropley, [138] (notes 1, 2, 3), [139] (note); at Puttenham, [158] (note); Weston Wood, [174] (note); doubts as to track given by it through Albury Park, [174]; recovery of Old Road after Gomshall, [177] (note); probable error east of Shere, [176]; crossing of Mole, [183] (note); crest of Colley Hill, [197]; error of, in regard to Gatton Park, [199] (note); Merstham to Quarry Hangers, [207] (note); east of Marden Park, [212] (note); east of Chevening, [218] (note); passage of Medway, [253] (note); error of, east and north of Eastwell Park, and east and north of Boughton Aluph church, [265]-[266] (notes 1 and 2).
  • Otford, passage of Old Road through, [218]; battles of, [220]; palace of, [220], [221].
  • Oxted, error caused by approach of pilgrimage to plain of, [95] (note).
  • Oxted Railway Cutting, track of Old Road from Marden Park to, [211]-[212] (and map).
  • Paddlesworth, passage of Old Road, [253] (note 1).
  • Palace of Archbishops of Canterbury at Otford, [220]-[223].
  • Park, [Albury], [Monk's Hatch], [Denbies], [Gatton], [Merstham], [Titsey], [Chevening], [Stede Hill], [Eastwell], [Godmersham], [Chilham]. See under these names.
  • Pebble Combe, passage of Old Road across, [194]-[196] (and map).
  • Pilgrimage, to shrine of St. Thomas at Canterbury, preserves the Old Road, [76]-[81]; change of date of, [91]; rapid development of, [91]-[92]; ancient sites restored by, [93]; but also prehistoric track sometimes confused by list of places so affected, [96] (and note); example at Ropley of its recovery of Old Road, [136] (and note); confuses record of passing of River Mole, [181]; diversion caused to Road after Merstham, [205]; and Old Wives' Lees, [271].
  • Pilgrim's Lane, near Merstham, [205].
  • Pixham Mill, Old Road crosses Mole at, [182] (map), and 183 (note).
  • Porchester, example of Roman use of 'Second Crossing,' [55].
  • Portsmouth, as a harbour of the 'Second Crossing,' [54].
  • Portus Adurni, possibly origin of a track to London, [200]; doubts on its equivalence to Shoreham, [200].
  • Portus Lemanis, the modern Lympne, perhaps original of Old Road, [27]; its connection with the earliest crossing of the Straits, [35].
  • Puttenham, apparent exception to straightness of Old Road at, mentioned, [105]; example of church passed to south, [110]; medieval market at, [158]; diversion of Old Road at, discussed, [159]-[161] (and map); neolithic and bronze remains at, [161].
  • Quarley Hill, on original track of Old Road, [27].
  • Quarry Hangers, east of Red Hill, too steep to take Old Road, [205], [206]; arrival at summits of, [207].
  • Ramsgate, one of modern harbours on northern shore of Straits, its artificial character, [36].
  • Reconstruction of Old Road. See '[Method].'
  • Reculvers, one of original harbours in connection with crossing Straits of Dover, [35].
  • Reef, of Calvados, [50]; off Ventnor, [55].
  • Reformation, effect of, on Old Road, [221]-[224].
  • Reigate, derivation of name of, and relation to Old Road, [199].
  • Religion, effect of a road on development of, [7]; effect of Dark Ages on, in Britain, [80]; preserves and recovers Old Road, [92]-[94].
  • Representative System, monastic origin of, [86].
  • Richborough, one of original harbours on northern shore of the Straits, [35] (Rutupiae); alternative harbour in original crossing, [36].
  • Road, the, primeval importance of, [4]-[5].
  • —— Old. See '[Old Road].'
  • Road, Roman. See '[Roman Road].'
  • —— Flanking. See '[Flanking Roads].'
  • —— Turnpike. See '[Turnpike].'
  • Roads, prehistoric, in England, correspond to five hill ranges, [15] (with map); difficulty of recovering, [74]-[75]; especially preserved in Britain, [78]; and their destruction in twelfth century, [84], [85].
  • Roman Britain, imperfect occupation of, [76], [77].
  • Roman Coins, discovery of, at Gatton, [203]; at Boxley, [253] (note 2).
  • Roman Remains, near Itchen Abbas, [126] (and note); near Farnham, [153]; at Colley Farm and Walton Heath, [197]; at Titsey Park, [214]; at Lower Halling, Snodland, Burham, Little Culand, [251]; Plaxtol and Thurnham, Boxley, [253] (note 2).
  • Roman Road, definite character of a, [74]; from Winchester to Silchester, site of, [119], [124] (and note); conjectural from Portus Adurni to London, [200]; at base of Upwood Scrubbs, [208].
  • Ropley, passage of Pilgrimage through, and position on Old Road, [136] (and note); valley of, track of Old Road through, [137] (map).
  • Rutupiae. See [Reculvers].
  • Rye, one of original harbours on northern shores of Straits, [35].
  • St. Catherine's Chapel, near Guildford, discussed in connection with passage of River Wey, [163]-[165].
  • —— Down, in Isle of Wight. See '[Isle of Wight].'
  • —— Hill, camp at Winchester, compared to Bigberry Camp, [70].
  • St. Martha's, doubtful whether passed to north or south, [110]; derivation of name, [170]; described, passed, [172].
  • St. Swithin, his shrine at Winchester, [71].
  • St. Thomas à Becket, his shrine at Canterbury destroys that of St. Swithin at Winchester, [71]; pilgrimage to tomb of, see '[Pilgrimage]'; his martyrdom, turning-point of twelfth century, [89]; date of martyrdom, jubilee and translation, [91]; his chapel at Reigate, [200].
  • Salisbury Plain, area of convergence of prehistoric roads, [16].
  • Sandwich, one of harbours on northern shore of Straits, [35].
  • Scilly Isles, their identification with Cassiterides doubtful, [20].
  • 'Second Crossing,' passage of Channel from Cotentin to Wight so called, [46]; its advantages, [48]; map of, [49]; high land marking either shore, [50]-[51]; great advantage of its English harbours, [55]; the direct route to the centre at Salisbury Plain, [56]; principal cause of development of Winchester, [ibid].
  • Seale, church of, passage of Old Road as near as possible to south of, [110]; passed, [157].
  • Seine, estuary of, its importance in production of Second Crossing, [48], [49] (and map).
  • Severn, valley of, importance as metallic centre, [20].
  • Shalford, Becket's fair at, [158]; passage of Wey at, discussed, [164]-[167] (and map).
  • Shere, church of, passage of Old Road to south of, doubtful, [110]; probable track of Old Road through, described, [175].
  • Shoelands, passed on journey, [157]; significance of name, [157].
  • Shrines, of Winchester and Canterbury compared, [71]; of St. Thomas à Becket. See '[St Thomas].'
  • Snodland, church of, passage of Old Road to south of, [110]; crossing of Medway at, discussed, [248]-[253] (and map), [236].
  • South Country, originally wealthiest portion of the island, [23], [24].
  • Southampton Water, Solent, and Spithead, regarded as one harbour, north of 'Second Crossing,' [55].
  • South Downs, their position in scheme of prehistoric roads, [16].
  • Stane Street, example of evidences of a Roman road, [74]; disuse in Middle Ages, [87]; crosses Mole at Burford Bridge, [185].
  • Stoke, meaning of, in place-names, [127].
  • Stonehenge, and Avebury, mark convergence of prehistoric roads, [16]; original starting-point of Old Road, [27].
  • Stour, River, importance of in development of Canterbury, [42], [43]; compared to Itchen, [68], [69]; source in Lenham, [259]; entry of Old Road into valley of, [260], [262].
  • Straits of Dover, importance of, to England alluded to, [17]; discussed at length, [29]-[40]; complexity of tides in, [32]; opposite shores visible, [32]; original harbours of, [35]; original crossing of, [37]-[39].
  • Street, [Stane], [Ermine], [Watling]. See under these names.
  • Street, in place-names indicates passage of a road, [136] (and note 2).
  • Swegen, his march through the Worthies, [126].