[360] The maza was a sort of pudding or cake made from barley-meal mixed up with water, oil, milk, oxymel, hydromel, or the like. It also was a very ancient invention, for it is mentioned in one of the works of Hesiod, which is universally allowed to be genuine, I mean the Opera et Dies, 1., 588.
[361] We have stated in our brief sketch of the Life of Hippocrates, that he studied the application of gymnastics to medicine under the great master of the art, Herodicus. He was a native of Selymbra in Thrace, and is generally represented as the father of medicinal gymnastics; but, as we have mentioned above, this statement must be received with considerable allowance, since there is every reason to believe that the Asclepiadæ applied exercises to the cure of diseases.
[362] He means both the pilot and physician.
[363] Καθαρὸς ἄρτος ἢ συγκομιστός. There has been some difference of opinion regarding these two kinds of bread; but it appears to me probable that the former was made of flour from which the bran had been entirely excluded, and the other from flour containing the whole of the bran. Later authorities called the one siligo, and the other autopyrus. See Paulus Ægineta, Vol. I., p. 121.
[364] He alludes here to the secretions and humors in the body. See the Commentary of Heurnius.
[365] See Littré, h. 1.
[366] Meaning probably the diaphragm, with its membranes. See the Commentary of Heurnius, p. 92.
[367] Meaning the mammæ, according to Heurnius.
[368] Such as the spleen and lungs.
[369] Although I shall touch cursorily on this subject in my annotations, I cannot deny myself the pleasure of setting down here the following passage from the treatise of Longinus “On the Sublime.” It is to be borne in mind that it was written by a noble-minded Greek, who lived at the court of an Oriental despot, and must have been a daily observer of the effects which he so feelingly depicts. Who does not lament to think of a generous mind placed under circumstances where cowardice is honored and courage debased? And what more melancholy picture of human misery can be imagined than that which is here exhibited of the bodily and mental powers in a state of arrested development from the effects of confinement?