[XXII‑14] The punishments for infraction of this law were heavy fines and banishment; and in the case of negro delinquents, bond or free, the fines were to be doubled, and 200 lashes in addition to be inflicted in public on the offender, whether male or female. Apothecaries were allowed to keep on hand two pounds of this article and no more. Recop. Ind., ii. 66.
[XXII‑15] The city council passed an ordinance that in future merchants should not purchase certain articles in larger quantities at a time than therein provided. Wine, oil, ham, sugar, pease, beans, lard, Nicaragua molasses, cheese, raisins, figs, and crockery, are among the commodities specified. Purchasers were required to produce their wares before a justice. The ordinance was referred to the audiencia and was fully approved and ordered into execution Dec. 11, 1592. Reales Cédulas, in Pacheco and Cárdenas, Col. Doc., xvii. 233-7.
[XXII‑16] 'Here is a great want ... of provision for here is almost none to be had for any money, by reason that from Lima there is no shipping come with maiz.... But I can certifie your worshippe, that all things are very deeire here, and that we stand in great extremitie for want of victuals.' Letter from Panamá, August 12, 1590. Hakluyt's Voy., iii. 563.
[XXII‑17] On Feb. 18, 1595, the viceroy is ordered not to interfere with the taking of provisions from the valleys of Trujillo, and Saña to Panamá City, and to see that Panamá was well provisioned. Recop. de Indias, ii. 64. A similar order was issued Feb. 18, 1597. Reales Cédulas, in Pacheco and Cárdenas, Col. Doc., xvii. 339-60.
[XXII‑18] See [Hist. Cent. Amer., i. 377], [409-11], this series.
[XXII‑19] 'Il peut le vendre à qui bon lui semble; mais pour l'ordinaire il le cède à son maître pour un prix modique.' Raynal, Hist. Phil., iv. 200.
[XXII‑20] He visited the islands in 1594, and found them inhabited by Spaniards and negro slaves 'kept only to fish for pearls.' Harris' Col. Voy., i. 746.
[XXII‑21] The expense actually exceeded the proceeds—'y la pesqueria de las porlas, por ser más las costa que el provecho.' Pacheco and Cárdenas, Col. Doc., iv. 81. In prosperous days some 30 brigs were in engaged in the traffic. Id., ix. 81.
[XXII‑22] Ariza, Darien, MS., 33.
[XXII‑23] Dampier, Voy., i. 158; Ogilby's Am., 235; Harris, Col. Voy., i. 748. 'The city of Panamá received annually some thousand pounds of gold.... There is greater Plenty (gold) in the mines of Santa María—not far off—than within the same Space in any other Part of New Spain, or perhaps in the whole World. Span. Emp. in Amer., 210-13. We have a glimpse of the working of the mines in a report of the expenses in connection with some fifteen of them worked for the king's benefit. At these were employed, in addition to the overseer, the blacksmith and his assistant, one hundred negroes, of whom seventy were freshly imported Africans, and one third of the number were women.' The total expenditure for the year was a little less than $20,000. The several items of expense are given in Veragua, Relac. de las Minas, in Col. Doc. Inéd., xxxi. 365-72.