| SINGULAR. | PLURAL. | |
| Nom. | appa | appagma |
| Gen. | appa | appagma |
| Dat. | appahuas | appagmahuas |
| Acc. | appase | apagamase |
| Voc. | appa | appagma |
| Abl. | appatsu, or appatca, or appame | appagmatsu, or appamatca, or appagmane |
CONJUGATION OF THE VERB ARÁ, TO GIVE.
| PRESENT INDICATIVE. | ||||
| I give, | can ará | We give, | macse ará | |
| Thou givest, | men ará | You give, | macam ará | |
| He gives, | nunissia ará | They give, | nupcan ará | |
| PAST. | ||||
| I gave (a very short time ago), | can itzs arán | |||
| I gave (a long while ago), | can cus arás | |||
| I gave (very long ago), | can hocs ará | |||
| I gave (from time immemorial), | can munna arás | |||
| I gave (without mentioning time), | can arán | |||
| I gave (who knows when), | can arás | |||
| I gave (sometime ago), | can araicun | |||
| I gave (already), | can aragte | |||
| FUTURE. | ||||
| I shall give (soon), | can et (or iete) ará | |||
| I shall give (after many days), | can iti ará | |||
| I shall give (after many years), | can múnna ará | |||
| I shall have given (perhaps), | can piñ arán | |||
| IMPERATIVE. | ||||
| Give me, | arat, or aratit | |||
| Give thyself, | araia | |||
| Give him, | arai, or arati | |||
| Give them, | arais | |||
| SUBJUNCTIVE. | ||||
| That I give, | cat ará | |||
| If I gave, | imatcum can ará, or cochop tucne can ará | |||
The language abounds in adverbs, of which I give the following.
| This day | neppe tengis | To-morrow | aruta |
| Now | naha | Since | yete |
| Immediately | iñaha | Always | imi |
| Never | ecue et | Before | aru |
| Never more | ecue imi | Much | tolon |
| Good | miste, utin | Very much | tompe |
| Bad | equitseste | Little | cutis |
| Gently | chequen | Very little | cuti |
| Certainly | amane | Yes | gehe |
| No | ecue | Truly | asaha, eres |
| To-day | naha | Look | giré |
Adjectives are declined the same as substantives when they are declined alone; but they differ in their declension from substantives when they are declined in connection with them, because then they do not change their terminations, but remain the same in all the cases. The rules of syntax are intricate and very difficult.
Father Comelias speaks of a language at the Mission of Santa Cruz, with numerous dialects, in fact so many, that the language changed nearly every two leagues, and being at times so divergent, that it was with difficulty neighboring people could understand one another.[IV'-34] In the vicinity of the Mission San Antonio de Padua, there is a language which has been variously named, Tatché, Telamé, and Sextapay. It appears to be a distinct language, and Taylor affirms that the people speaking it could not understand those of La Soledad Mission, thirty miles north.[IV'-35] In this language the letters b, d, r, do not appear; na expresses the article the, and also this. There are many different ways of expressing the plural of nouns. Some add the syllable il, el, l, or li, others insert ti, or t, while others again add leg, aten, ten, or teno, as may be seen in the following examples.[IV'-36]
| SINGULAR. | PLURAL. | |
| Counsellor | tayito | tayilito |
| Flame | meachealíya | meachealiliya |
| Work | tácâto | taqueleato |
| My enemy | zitchofn | zitchofneal |
| Brother | citol | citolanél |
| Grass | ca*tz | ca*tzaonél |
| Man | tama | tamaten |
| Mouse | eazzqui*lmog | eazzqui*lmoco*ten |
| Oven | aloconíya | alocotiníya |
| Prison | quealuezúgne | quealuezúgtine |
| Fat | cu*pinit | cupinitleg |
| Woman | lixii | litzzin |
| Bone | ejacô | ejaclíto |