| PRESENT INDICATIVE. | |
| I instruct, | cambezah in cah, or ten cambezic |
| Thou instructest, | cambezah á cah, " tech cambezic |
| He instructs, | cambezah ú cah, " lay cambezic |
| We instruct, | cambezah ca cah, " tóon cambezic |
| You instruct, | cambezah á cah-ez, " téex cambezic |
| They instruct, | cambezah ú cah-ob, " lóob cambezic |
| IMPERFECT. | |
| I instructed, | cambezah in cah cuchi |
| PERFECT. | |
| I have instructed, | in cambezah |
| PLUPERFECT. | |
| I had instructed, | in cambezah ili-cuchi |
| FIRST FUTURE. | |
| I shall instruct, | bin in cambez |
| SECOND FUTURE. | |
| I shall have instructed, | in cambezah ili-cochom |
| IMPERATIVE. | |
| Let me instruct, | in cambez |
| Instruct thou, | cambez |
| Let him instruct, | ú cambez |
| Let us instruct, | ca cambez |
| Instruct you, | á cambez ex |
| Let them instruct, ú cambez ob | |
| PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE. | |
| If I instruct, | ten in cambez |
The third and fourth conjugations not differing from the above, I do not insert them.
THE LORD'S PRAYER.
Cayum ( Our father ) ianeeh ( who art ) ti ( in ) càannob ( heaven ) cilichthantabac ( blessed be ) akaba: ( thy name; ) tac ( it may ) a ( come ) ahaulil ( thy kingdom ) c' ( us ) okol. ( over. ) Mencahac ( Be done ) a ( thine ) uolah ( will ) uai ( as ) ti ( on ) luun ( earth ) bai ( as ) ti ( in ) caanè. ( heaven. ) Zanzamal ( Daily ) uah ( bread ) ca ( us ) azotoon ( give ) heleae ( to-day ) caazaatez ( us forgive ) c' ( our ) ziipil ( sins ) he bik ( as ) c' ( we ) zaatzic ( forgive ) uziipil ( their sins ) ahziipiloobtoone ( to sinners ) ma ix ( not also ) appatic ( let ) c' ( us ) lubul ( fall ) ti ( in ) tuntah, ( temptation ) caatocoon ( us deliver ) ti ( from ) lob.[XI'-9] ( evil. )
To the two languages the Huaztec and Totonac spoken respectively in the states of Tamaulipas and Vera Cruz, great antiquity is ascribed. I include them both in this chapter, and classify them with the Maya family; the Huaztec because its relationship has already been satisfactorily established by Vater and his successors, and the Totonac on the statements of Sahagun and other good authorities.[XI'-10] Of both of these languages I insert some grammatical notes. The Totonac is divided into four principal dialects, named respectively that of the Sierra Alta or Tetikilhati, that of Xalpan y Pontepec, or Chakahuaxti, the Ipapana and the Naolingo or Tatimolo. The following grammar refers specially to the last dialect.
TOTONAC GRAMMAR.
The letters used are a, ch, e, g, h, i, k, l, m, n, o, p, t, u, v, x, y, z, tz, lh. Compounded or agglutinated words are of frequent occurrence; they seem to be joined without any particular system, although it appears that the last letter is oftentimes omitted. The following shows the composition of a word;—lioxilhmagatlakachalikihuin, to go prophesying; composed of the particle li, the verb oxilha, the adverb magat, the substantive lakatin, and the verbs chaan and likihuin. There are no particular signs or letters to express the gender, but in most cases the words huixkana, male, and pozkat, female, are prefixed to words.
The plural for animated beings is formed by one of the following terminations;—n, in, nin, itni, nitni, an, na, ne, ni, no, nu;—oxga, youth; oxgan, youths; agapon, heaven; agaponin, heavens; pulana, captain; pulananin, captains; makan, hand; makanitni, hands; ztako, star; ztakonitni, stars; xanat, flower; xanatna, flowers; etc., etc.; in and itni are used when the word ends with a consonant, and nin and nitni when it ends with a vowel.
PERSONAL PRONOUNS.