[V-92] Stephens' Yucatan, vol. ii., pp. 387-409, with plates and cuts.

[V-93] 'They founde auncient towers there, and the ruines of such as hadde beene broken downe and destroyed, seeming very auncient: but one aboue the rest, whereto they ascended by 18 steppes or staires, as they ascende to famous, and renowned temples.' Peter Martyr, dec. iv., lib. iii. Grijalva found a tower 'xviii gradi de altura et tutta massiza al pede et tenia a torno clxxx piedi, et incima de essa era una torre piccola la quale era de statura de homini doi uno sopra laltro.' Diaz, Itinerario, in Icazbalceta, Col. de Doc., tom. i., pp. 284, 287. See also the authorities referred to in [note 89]. Stephens' Yucatan, vol. ii., pp. 362-80, with cut; Larenaudière, Mex. et Guat., p. 321; Gondra, in Album Mex., tom. i., p. 239; Mayer's Mex., Aztec, etc., vol. ii., p. 169; Baril, Mexique, p. 129; Wappäus, Geog. u. Stat., p. 145.

[V-94] Córdova found here in 1517 'torres de piedra con grados y capillas cubiertas de madera y paja en que por gentil orden estauan puestos muchos idolos, que parecian mugeres.' Gomara, Hist. Ind., fol. 60; Cortés, Vida, in Icazbalceta, Col. de Doc., tom. i., p. 339; Stephens' Yucatan, vol. ii., pp. 415-17, with plate.

[V-95] Waldeck, Voy. Pitt., p. 102. 'Une ville entière offre ses ruines aux investigations des archéologues.' Baril, Mexique, p. 129; Larenaudière, Mex. et Guat., p. 321.

[V-96] Dampier's Voyages, vol. ii., pt. ii., pp. 10-11; Stephens' Yucatan, vol. ii., p. 418.

[V-97] 'Tout près du rio Lagarto se voient deux pyramides, au sommet desquelles croissent maintenant des arbres élevés et touffus.' Baril, Mexique, p. 129; Waldeck, Voy. Pitt., p. 102.

[V-98] Stephens' Yucatan, vol. ii., pp. 427-30, with plate.

[V-99] Stephens' Yucatan, vol. i., pp. 189, 199-220; Wappäus, Geog. u. Stat., p. 144.

[V-100] 'The whole of Campeachy rests upon a subterraneous cavern of the ancient Mayas. It is now difficult to ascertain whether these quarries or galleries, which, according to the traditions of the country, are understood to be immense, served for the abode of the people who executed the work. Nothing reveals the marks of man's sojournings here; not even the traces of smoke upon the vaults were visible. It is more probable that the greater part of this excavation was used as a depository for their dead. This supposition has been strengthened by the discovery of many openings of seven feet deep by twenty inches in breadth, dug horizontally in the walls of the caverns. These excavations, however, are few; and the galleries have been but little investigated and less understood.' Mr Norman sent some of the skeletons discovered here to Dr Morton, who pronounced them to present many of the characteristics of the natives at the present time. Norman's Rambles in Yuc., pp. 211-18, with plates. Sr Gondra, in Prescott, Hist. Conq. Mex. (Mex. 1846) tom. iii., pp. 95-8, pl. xviii., gives engravings of four of these idols in Norman's collection, erroneously stating that they are from Stephens' work. 'I have seen some of his (Norman's) remarkable antiquities, as Penates, hieroglyphics,' etc. Davis' Antiq. Amer., p. 12. The above notice, given by Mr Norman is an almost literal translation of Waldeck, Voy. Pitt., p. 10; as is also the account by I. R. Gondra, in Album Mex., tom. i., p. 162. Mention of the Champoton ruins in Waldeck, Voy. Pitt., p. 102; Larenaudière, Mex. et Guat., p. 321; Baril, Mexique, p. 128. Córdova in 1517 saw at Campeche 'vn torrejoncillo de piedra quadrado y gradado, en lo alto del qual estaua vn ydolo con dos fieros animales alas hijadas, como que lo comian. Y vna sierpe de quarenta y siete pies larga, y gorda quanto vn buey, hecha de piedra como el ydolo.' Gomara, Hist. Ind., fol. 61. 'On ne rencontre ni dans l'île de Carmen ni sur les bords de la Lagune aucun tumulus, aucune ruine, aucun vestige enfin de l'industrie des temps passés.' Description of the Camacho collection in Campeche, consisting of 'figurines et des vases d'argile portant encore des traces de peinture et de vernis, des instruments de musique, de menus objets de parure, des haches, des fers de lance en silex ou en obsidienne.' Morelet, Voyage, tom. i., pp. 226, 167-8. The Camacho Museum contains 'Una numerosa colleccion de ídolos de barro y piedra.... Una urna cineraria que contiene los restos de un hombre.... Una coleccion de vasos, jarros, cántaros y fuentes de piedra y barro, adornados, muchos de ellos, con geroglíficos y con pinturas vivas, frescas y bien conservadas. Una colleccion de lanzas, flechas, dardos y demas instrumentos de guerra.... Casi todos estos instrumentos son de pedernal. Otra coleccion de flautas y otros instrumentos músicos, de barro. Otra id. de zarcillos, cuentas y adornos de piedra.... Otra id. de lozas sepulcrales.... Una multitud de fragmentos arquitectónicos.' Registro Yuc., tom. i., pp. 373-4. 'Le canton qui s'étend de la côte de la lagune de Jerm, vers le nord-est, offre sur-tout une suite presque continue de monticules et de villes, jusqu'au point où il atteint le sanctuaire de l'île de Cozumel.' Friederichsthal, in Nouvelles Annales des Voy., 1841, tom. xcii., pp. 299-300. 'Une foule de ruines d'une grande importance.' Brasseur de Bourbourg, Hist. Nat. Civ., tom. i., p. 67.

[V-101] Cogolludo, Hist. Yuc., p. 193; Stephens' Yucatan, vol. ii., pp. 341, 122, vol. i., p. 415; Landa, Relacion, pp. 344, 330; Lizana, in Id., p. 358; Charnay, Ruines Amér., pp. 321-2; Registro Yuc., tom. i., p. 366.