[XI-35] Emory's Reconnoissance, pp. 63-9, 80, 133-4, with cuts and plates; Johnston, in Id., pp. 581-96; Whipple, Ewbank, and Turner, in Pac. R. R. Rept., vol. iii., p. 23, with cut illustrating the lines of foundation-stones. Froebel, Aus Amer., tom. ii., p. 421; Id., Cent. Amer., p. 488, with cut of hieroglyphics. Two plates of colored fragments of pottery, in Schoolcraft's Arch., vol. iii., pp. 82-5, vol. vi., p. 68. Respecting the builders of the ruined structures, see Garcés, Diario, in Doc. Hist. Mex., série ii., tom. i., pp. 320, 329; Castañeda, in Ternaux-Compans, Voy., série i., tom. ix., pp. 161-2; Sedelmair, Relacion, in Doc. Hist. Mex., série iii., tom. iv., p. 847. Other references on Gila remains are: Sonora, Rudo Ensayo, p. 19, with cut of labyrinth; Villa-Señor y Sanchez, Theatro, tom. ii., pp. 375-6; Fremont, in Cal., Past, Pres. and Future, p. 144; Fremont and Emory's Notes of Trav., p. 46; Prichard's Researches, vol. v., pp. 422-3; Id., Nat. Hist. Man, vol. ii., pp. 514-15, 568; Domenech's Deserts, vol. i., pp. 382-3; Cal. Farmer, Feb. 28, 1862; Cincinnatus' Travels, pp. 355-7; Gallatin, in Nouvelles Annales des Voy., 1851, tom. cxxxi., pp. 293-4. I find an account going the rounds of the newspapers of a wonderful group of ruins 'on the Gila some miles east of Florence,' discovered by Lieut. Ward. They consist of very extensive fortifications, and other structures built of hewn stone, the walls being yet twelve feet high, and two towers standing 26 and 31 feet respectively. Copper and stone implements, golden ornaments and stone vases were found here. Finally, the whole account is doubtless a hoax.
[XI-36] A writer in the N. Y. Tribune,—see Hist. Mag., vol. x., suppl., p. 95—describes a pyramid on the Colorado River, without giving the locality. It is 104 feet square, 20 feet high, and has at present a summit platform. It seems, however, to have been originally pointed, judging from the débris. The material is hewn stone in blocks from 18 to 36 inches thick, those of the outer facing being out at an angle. This report is perhaps founded on some of the ruins on the Colorado Chiquito yet to be mentioned, or quite as probably it has no foundation whatever. 'Upon the lower part of the Rio Colorado no traces of permanent dwellings have been discovered.' Whipple, Ewbank, and Turner, in Pac. R. R. Rept., vol. iii., p. 15. Arizona miners occasionally refer to the ruins of old Indian buildings on the Colorado, 40 miles above La Paz, on the eastern side, similar in character to those of the Gila. On Ehrenberg's Map of Arizona, 1858, they are so located, and that is all that is known of them. San Francisco Evening Bulletin, July 14, 1864.
[XI-37] Cal. Farmer, March 27, 1863.
[XI-38] Möllhausen, Tagebuch, p. 376; Whipple, in Pac. R. R. Rept., vol. iii., pp. 106-7.
[XI-39] Sitgreaves' Report, Zuñi and Colorado Rivers, 1853, pp. 8-9; Whipple, in Pac. R. R. Rept., vol. iii., pp. 81, 46-50; Ives' Colorado Riv., p. 117, no details; Möllhausen, Tagebuch, pp. 306-8; Id., Reisen in die Felsengeb., tom. ii., pp. 148-50, 164-5, 399-401; Schoolcraft's Arch., vol. iv., pp. 253, vol. vi., p. 68, plates of inscriptions; Hay, in Soc. Mex. Geog., Boletin, 2da época, tom. i., p. 29; Foster's Pre-Hist. Races, pp. 146-7. A writer in the San Francisco Evening Bulletin, July 3, 1868, says that the most extensive ruins in Arizona or New Mexico are situated above the high falls of the Little Colorado, 20 miles north of the San Francisco Mountains. They extend for miles along the river, and include well-made walls of hewn stone now standing to the height of six or eight feet. Both streets and irrigating canals may be traced for miles. This writer speaks of the Jesuit inscriptions. According to an article in the San Francisco Herald of 1853, quoted in the Cal. Farmer of June 22, 1860, Capt. Joseph Walker found some remarkable ruins on the Colorado Chiquito in 1850. He speaks of 'a kind of a citadel, around which lay the ruins of a city more than a mile in length.' The streets were still traceable, running at right angles. The buildings were all of stone 'reduced to ruins by the action of some great heat which had evidently passed over the whole country.... All the stones were burnt, some of them almost cindered, others glazed as if melted. This appearance was visible in every ruin he met with. A storm of fire seemed to have swept over the whole country and the inhabitants must have fallen before it.' The central building with walls 15 or 18 feet long and 10 feet high, of hewn stone, stood on a rock 20 or 30 feet high, itself fused by the heat. The ruins seen by Walker were in all probability similar to those described by Sitgreaves, and the Captain, or the writer of this article, drew heavily on his imagination for many of his facts.
[XI-40] Whipple, in Pac. R. R. Rept., vol. iii., p. 76.
[XI-41] Möllhausen's Journey, vol. ii., p. 121.
[XI-42] Whipple, in Pac. R. R. Rept., vol. iii., pp. 73-4; Möllhausen, Tagebuch, p. 255.
[XI-43] Sitgreaves' Zuñi Ex., p. 6; Whipple, Ewbank, and Turner, in Pac. R. R. Repts, vol. pp. 71, 39.
[XI-44] Whipple, et al., in Pac. R. R. Repts, vol. iii., pp. 69, 39-41, 45-6, with view of ruins; Möllhausen's Journey, vol. ii., p. 96, cut of altar; Id., Reisen, tom. ii., pp. 196, 402; Id., Tagebuch, pp. 283-4, 278, with cut of altar; Simpson, in Smithsonian Rept., 1869, pp. 329-32; Davis' El Gringo, p. 128; Domenech's Deserts, vol. i., pp. 211-13; Barber and Howe's Western States, p. 553; Shuck's Cal. Scrap-Book, pp. 310-12.