[22] Xenophon, Polity of the Lacedaemonians, 13.
[23] The Spartans believed that their military organization was the work of a great reformer and law-giver named Lycurgus. He was supposed to have lived early in the ninth century B.C. We do not know anything about Lycurgus, but we do know that some existing primitive tribes, for instance, the Masai of East Africa, have customs almost the same as those of ancient Sparta. Hence we may say that the rude, even barbarous, Spartans only carried over into the historic age the habits of life which they had formed in prehistoric times.
[24] See page 82.
[25] The name of an individual voted against was written on a piece of pottery (Greek ostrakon), whence the term ostracism. See the illustration, page 97.
[26] See the map facing page 50.
[27] See page 49.
[28] Cicero, De republica, ii, 4.
[29] Greek barbaroi, "men of confused speech."