[5] See page 187.
[6] For a description of ancient Rome see pages 292-296.
[7] Jesus was born probably in 4 B.C., the last year of the reign of Herod, whom the triumvirs, Antony and Octavian, had placed on the throne of Judea in 37 B.C.
[8] A Roman emperor was generally called "Caesar" by the provincials. See, for example, Matthew, xxii, 17-21, or Acts, xxv, 10-12. This title survives in the German Kaiser and perhaps in the Russian Tsar or Czar.
[9] In 131 A.D., during the reign of the emperor Hadrian, the Jews once more broke out in revolt. Jerusalem, which had risen from its ruins, was again destroyed by the Romans, and the plow was passed over the foundations of the Temple. From Roman times to the present the Jews have been a people without a country.
[10] See Bulwer-Lytton's novel, The Last Days of Pompeii.
[11] See the map on page 205 for the system of Roman roads in Britain.
[12] See page 200.
[13] Pliny, Natural History, xxvii, 1.
[14] See page 179.