[6] See page 245.
[7] His name is properly spelled Chlodweg, which later became Ludwig, and in French, Louis.
[8] Allemagne. On the other hand, the inhabitants of Gaul came to call their country France and themselves Français after their conquerors, the Germanic Franks.
[9] Gregory of Tours, Historia Francorum, ii, 31.
[10] From Merovech, grandfather of Clovis.
[11] See page 379.
[12] So called from Pepin's son, Charles the Great (in Latin, Carolus Magnus). The French form of his name is Charlemagne.
[13] In 1870 A.D. the States of the Church were added to the newly formed kingdom of Italy.
[14] Einhard, Vita Caroli Magni, 25.
[15] The rearguard of Charlemagne's army, when returning from Spain, was attacked and overwhelmed by the mountaineers of the Pyrenees. The incident gave rise to the famous French epic known as the Song of Roland.