[19] See Tennyson's poem, St. Simeon Stylites.
[20] From a Syrian word, abba, meaning "father." Hence a monastery was often called an abbey.
[21] Other monastic orders arose during the later Middle Ages (see pages 449, 452), but the Benedictines still exist, chiefly in Austria and Italy. Their order was introduced into the United States during the nineteenth century.
[22] Laborare est orare.
[23] For the missionary work of Celtic Christians see page 323 and note 1.
[24] See page 236.
[25] See pages 304-305.
[26] See pages 322-325.
[27] See page 308.
[28] Cyril and Methodius were canonized by Pope Leo XIII in 1881 A.D. A millenial celebration of the two apostles was held in 1863 A.D. by the people of Moravia and Bohemia.