17. Who is the present Pope? When and by whom was he elected? In what city does he reside? What is his residence called?
18. Why has the medieval Papacy been called the "ghost" of the Roman Empire?
19. In what sense is it true that the Holy Roman Empire was "neither holy nor Roman, nor an empire"?
FOOTNOTES
[1] Webster, Readings in Medieval and Modern History, chapter x, "Monastic Life in the Twelfth Century"; chapter xi, "St. Francis and the Franciscans."
[2] In case of necessity baptism might be performed by any lay person of adult years and sound mind.
[3] This doctrine is known as transubstantiation. In the Roman Church, as has been noted (page 363), wine is not administered to the laity.
[4] Hence the term "Apostolical Succession."
[5] Latin sanctus, "holy."
[6] See page 234.