13. "Mixture, or at least contact of races, is essential to progress." How do the crusades illustrate the truth of this statement?
14. Were the crusades the only means by which western Europe was brought in contact with Moslem civilization?
FOOTNOTES
[1] Webster, Readings in Medieval and Modern History, chapter xii, "Richard the Lion-hearted and the Third Crusade"; chapter xiii, "The Fourth Crusade and the Capture of Constantinople."
[2] See page 412.
[3] See pages 333, 380.
[4] See page 235.
[5] Hence the name "crusades," from Latin crux, old French crois, a "cross".
[6] For the routes followed by the crusaders see the map between pages 478-479.
[7] See page 412.