6. "Scratch a Russian and you will find a Tartar." What does this mean?
7. Why did the Mongol conquest of Russia tend to strengthen the sentiment of nationality in the Russian people?
8. How did the tsars come to regard themselves as the successors of the Eastern emperors?
9. Compare the Janizaries with the Christian military-religious orders.
10. How was "the victory of the Crescent secured by the children of the Cross"?
11. Why were the invasions of the Mongols and Ottoman Turks more destructive to civilization than those of the Germans, the Arabs, and the Northmen?
12. Enumerate the more important services of the Roman Empire in the East to civilization.
13. On an outline map indicate the extent of the Ottoman Empire in 1453 A.D.
FOOTNOTES
[1] See pages 241, 247, 314, 316, 334.