FOOTNOTES
[1] The word "city" comes through the French from the Latin civilitas, meaning citizenship, state. The word "town" (from Anglo-Saxon tun), which is now often used as a synonym of city, originally meant a village (French ville, Latin villa).
[2] See page 437.
[3] See page 81.
[4] From French bourg, "town."
[5] See pages 506, 515.
[6] The visitor to Chester in England or Rothenburg in Germany finds the old ramparts still standing and gains an excellent idea of the cramped quarters of a medieval city. Nuremburg in southern Germany is another city which has preserved its medieval monuments.
[7] French couvre feu, "cover fire."
[8] In French hôtel de ville; in German Rathhaus.
[9] German bürgermeister, from burg, "castle."