[29] In Spanish El Camino Real.
[30] See page 355.
[31] See page 518.
[32] See page 541.
CHAPTER XXVII
THE REFORMATION AND THE RELIGIOUS WARS, 1517-1648 A.D. [1]
228. DECLINE OF THE PAPACY
THE PAPACY IN THE THIRTEENTH CENTURY
The Papacy, victorious in the long struggle with the Holy Roman Empire, reached during the thirteenth century the height of its temporal power. The popes at this time were the greatest sovereigns in Europe. They ruled a large part of Italy, had great influence in the affairs of France, England, Spain, and other countries, and in Germany named and deposed emperors. From their capital at Rome they sent forth their legates to every European court and issued the laws binding on western Christendom.