[71] It is, of course, impossible that a work like the present should even refer to all the collections and interesting buildings in such a city as Copenhagen.
[72] The sound dues which the owners of the castle collected from all the ships that sailed by dated from Hanseatic days. For Sweden they were abrogated by treaty in 1645, for other nations they were commuted for money in 1857.
[73] E. C. Otté, Scandinavian History.
[74] It does not seem certain that the term Gothic was applied to architecture in contempt of mediæval work. Evelyn in 1641 speaks of "one of the fairest churches of the Gotiq design I had seene," at a time when "Gothic" was used much as we employ "Teutonic" to-day. In 1713 Wren (Parentalia, a family biography by his son) says, "This we now call the Gothick manner of architecture so the Italians called what was not after the Roman style." The depreciatory use of the term seems first to occur in Dryden, 1695: "All that has not the ancient gust is called a barbarous or Gothique manner." So that it seems quite possible that Gothic architecture merely signified the style of the North of Europe as opposed to that of the South. Mallet (Northern Antiquities, translated from Introduction à l'Histoire de Dannemarc, 1770) refers to so many mediæval "edifices wherein we can find nothing to admire but the inexhaustible patience and infinite pains of those who built them!"
[75] Helen Zimmern. The Hansa Towns; Story of the Nations.
[76] Only a few miles from Visby is the ruined monastery known as Roma Kloster.
[77] In a most interesting paper on the Walls of Visby read before the Royal Institute of British Architects, December 16, 1912, which I have found of much value.
[78] Another sea-tower is known as Silfverhättan from the material with which it was roofed in the very wealthy days of old.
[79] It finally became Swedish again in 1645.
[80] There are still some slight remains, but the greater part was carried away by Charles XI. for the building of Karlskrona in the seventeenth century.