[235]. De Sacrificio Kajin, p. 169, ed. Mangey, Oxford 1742. In another treatise Philo distinguishes two kinds of shepherds and two kinds of agriculturists, of which one kind is blameworthy, and the other praiseworthy. There is a distinction between ποιμήν and κηνοτροφός, and on the other hand between γῆς ἐργάτης (probably answering to the Hebrew ʿôbêd adâmâ), and γεωργός (probably intended to represent the Hebrew îsh adâmâ). See De Agricultura, p. 303 et seq.
[236]. Geographische und ethnologische Bilder, pp. 191–97.
[237]. Lettres persanes, Lettre CXXI.
[238]. See Herberstein, Rerum Moscoviticarum Commentarii, Vienna 1549, p. 61, where a Tatar formula of execration is said to be ‘ut eodem in loco perpetuo tamquam Christianus haereas.’
[239]. Travels in Arabia, ed. Ouseley, 1829, p. 381.
[240]. A notable illustration of this relation is presented by the Arabic proverb, ‘If you hear that the smith (of the caravan) is packing up in the evening, be sure that he will not go till the following morning’ (al-Meydânî, Bûlâḳ edition, I. 34). Notice the occasion of the origin of this proverb, in the commentary on the passage.
[241]. Personal Narrative of Pilgrimage to Mecca and Medina, 2nd ed. 1857, I. 117.
[242]. Burton’s First Footsteps in Eastern Africa, p. 240.
[243]. Kant’s Kleinere Schriften zur Logik und Metaphysik, herausgegeben von Kirchmann, II. 4 (Philosoph. Bibliothek, Hermann, Bd. XXXIII.).
[244]. Osiander (Zeitschrift der D. M. G., 1853, VII. 437) is inclined to combine with this the old Arabic Rayâm or Riyâm.