STATE OF EMPLOYMENT IN SEPTEMBER, OCTOBER
AND DECEMBER, 1914, AND FEBRUARY, 1915
(Numbers Employed in July = 100 per cent.)
| September, 1914 | October, 1914 | December, 1914 | February, 1915 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | F | M | F | M | F | M | F | |
| Full time | 60.2 | 53.5 | 66.8 | 61.9 | 65.8 | 66.6 | 68.4 | 75.0 |
| 3,913,000 | 1,337,500 | 4,342,000 | 1,547,500 | 4,277,000 | 1,665,000 | 4,446,000 | 1,875,000 | |
| Overtime | 3.6 | 2.1 | 5.2 | 5.9 | 12.8 | 10.8 | 13.8 | 10.9 |
| 234,000 | 52,500 | 338,000 | 147,500 | 832,000 | 270,000 | 897,000 | 272,500 | |
| Short time | 26.0 | 36.0 | 17.3 | 26.0 | 10.5 | 19.4 | 6.6 | 12.6 |
| 1,690,000 | 900,000 | 1,124,500 | 650,000 | 682,500 | 485,000 | 390,000 | 15,000 | |
| Contraction in Nos. employed | 10.2 | 8.4 | 10.7 | 6.2 | 10.9 | 3.2 | 11.8 | 1.5 |
| 663,000 | 210,000 | 695,000 | 155,000 | 708,500 | 80,000 | 767,000 | 37,500 | |
| Enlisted | 8.8 | ... | 10.6 | ... | 13.3 | ... | 15.4 | ... |
| 572,000 | ... | 689,000 | ... | 864,500 | ... | 1,010,000 | ... | |
| Net displacement (-) or replacement (+) | -1.4 | -8.4 | -0.1 | -6.2 | +2.4 | -3.2 | +3.6 | -1.5 |
| -91,000 | -210,000 | -6,500 | -155,000 | +156,000 | -80,000 | +243,000 | 37,500 | |
Appendix B
The following table indicates some of the processes formerly reserved for men on which the factory inspectors found women employed by the end of 1915:
| INDUSTRY | PROCESSES |
|---|---|
| Linoleum | Attending cork grinding and embossing machines, |
| machine printing, attending stove, trimming | |
| and packing. | |
| Woodworking— | |
| Brush making | Fibre dressers, brush makers and on boring |
| machinery. | |
| Furniture | Light upholstery, cramping, dowelling, |
| glueing, fret-work, carving by hand or | |
| machine, staining and polishing. | |
| Saw mills | On planing, moulding, sand-papering, boring, |
| mortising, dovetailing, tenoning, turning and | |
| nailing machines. Taking off from circular | |
| saws; box making, printing and painting. | |
| Cooperage | Barrel making machines. |
| Paper mills | In rag grinding and attending to beating and |
| breaking machines, and to coating machines, | |
| calenders and in certain preparations and | |
| finishing and warehouse processes. | |
| Printing | Machine feeding (on platen machines and |
| on guillotines) and as linotype operators. | |
| Wire rope | On stranding and spinning machines. |
| Chemical works | Attending at crystallising tanks and for |
| yard work. | |
| Soap | As soap millers and in general work. |
| Paint | At roller mills, filling tins and kegs, |
| labeling and packing. | |
| Oil and cake mills | Trucking, feeding and drawing off from chutes, |
| attending to presses. | |
| Flour mills | Trucking. |
| Bread and biscuits | Attending to dough-breaks, biscuit machines, |
| and at the ovens assisting bakers. | |
| Tobacco | Leaf cutting, cigarette making, soldering, |
| trucking and warehouse work. | |
| Rubber | At washing machines, grinding mills, dough |
| rolls, solutioning, motor tube making. | |
| Malting | Spreading and general work. |
| Breweries | Cask washing, tun-room work, beer bottling |
| and bottle washing. | |
| Distilleries | In the mill and yeast houses. |
| Cement | Attending weighing machines, trucking. |
| Foundries | Core making, moulding. |
| Tanning and currying | At the pits, in finishing and drying, and in |
| oiling, setting up, buffing and staining. | |
| Woolen mills | Beaming and overlooking, attending drying |
| machines, carding, pattern weaving. | |
| Jute mills | On softening machines, dressing yarn, |
| calendering. | |
| Cotton mills | In blowing room on spinning mules, beaming, |
| twisting and drawing, and in warehouse. | |
| Hosiery | Folding and warehouse work. |
| Lace | Threading. |
| Print, bleach and | Beetling, assisting printers at machines, |
| dye works | warehouse processes. |
Appendix C
The following tables from the second report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science bring out in detail, first, the gradual disappearance of unemployment and short time and the increase of women’s numbers in industry from September, 1914, to April, 1916; second, the changes in numbers of women in the various occupations, both industrial and nonindustrial in December, 1915, and April, 1916, compared with July, 1914, and, third, similar details as to the number of women who were undertaking “men’s work.”
STATE OF EMPLOYMENT OF WOMEN AT VARIOUS DATES
SINCE THE OUTBREAK OF WAR, COMPARED WITH STATE
OF EMPLOYMENT IN JULY, 1914
(“Industrial” employment only.
Numbers employed July, 1914 = 100 per cent.)