How to Live: Rules for Healthful Living Based on Modern Science
Irving Fisher; Eugene Lyman Fisk
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  • Bacteria, carried on dust particles, [13]–[14];
    • part played by, in colds, [272].
    • See [Germs].
  • Balanced ration, classification of foods with view to a, [171], [175]–[183].
  • Bananas, food value of, [30], [177];
    • digestibility of, [49];
    • a cheap source of starch and sugar, [131].
  • Bank employés, unsuspected impairments among, [136]–[137].
  • Basal metabolism of the body, ascertaining the, [196]–[197].
  • Baseball, value as all-round exercise, [98].
  • Bathing, importance of, for avoiding disease, [75]–[76];
    • perspiring before, [76];
    • activity and relaxation combined in, [101]–[102];
    • as a means of skin training, [274]–[275].
  • Baths, different forms of, for different needs, [102];
    • nervous relaxation induced by neutral, [102];
    • for colds, [278]–[279].
  • Beans, baked, food value of, [29], [175];
    • a high-protein food, [38];
    • protein in, a possible objection, [39]–[40];
    • a cheap source of protein, [131].
  • Bedbugs, diseases spread by, [74].
  • Beds, hard preferable to soft, [104].
  • Beets, food value of, [41], [175].
  • Belts, constriction from, [16].
  • Benedict, F. G., experiments by, to ascertain basal metabolism, [196]–[197].
  • Berries, food value of, [41], [177].
  • Blindness among tobacco smokers, [264].
  • Blood pressure, influence of deep breathing on, [25].
  • Bowels, foods the best regulators of the, [52].
    • See [Constipation.]
  • Brain, effect of alcohol on, [237]–[239].
  • Brain workers, eating habits of, [34]–[35].
  • Bread, food value of, [29], [180];
    • stale and crusty preferable to soft fresh, [41];
    • a cheap source of starch and sugar, [131].
  • Breathing, deep, [24]–[25];
    • influence of muscular exercises on, [26];
    • beneficial effect of singing, [26];
    • relation of, to one’s mental condition, [26]–[27].
  • Bulk, a necessary quality in food, [41]–[42], [150].
  • Bush, A. D., tests by, as to smoking and mental efficiency, [260].
  • Butter, food value of, [30], [33], [181].
  • Cabbage, cellulose in, [41];
    • food value of, [131], [175].
  • Cakes, table of food values of, [179].
  • Calories, fuel-units for measuring food, [28].
  • Cancer, measures for combating increase of, [292].
  • Candy, over-indulgence in, [48].
  • Cantaloupe, food value of, [30], [177].
  • Carbohydrate, function of, as a constituent of food, [35]–[36];
    • examples of, in common foods, [36];
    • suitable proportion of, in diet, [40];
    • in cheap foods, [131];
    • list of foods rich, moderate and deficient in, [171].
  • Card-playing, mental recreation from, in moderation, [100].
  • Catarrh, sometimes caused by smoking, [264];
    • avoiding quack cures for, [280].
  • Cathartics, avoidance of, [53].
  • Cauliflower, food value of, [41], [175].
  • Celery, cellulose in, [41];
    • vitamins supplied by, [42];
    • food value of, [175].
  • Cellulose, a necessity in diet, [41].
  • Cereals, laxative quality of, [52];
    • table of food values of, [180]–[181];
    • for underweight, [220].
  • Chairs, effect of, on sitting posture, [60]–[61];
    • among the evils of civilization, [152].
  • Character, posture and, [63]–[64];
    • influence of health on, [105]–[107].
  • Charts, showing comparative mortality among abstainers and non-abstainers, [230]–[233];
    • of death rates in different countries and at different periods, [283]–[285].
  • Cheese, food value of, [29], [38], [131], [181].
  • Cheeses, putrefactive, among the worst foods, [48].
  • Chewing, necessitated by hard foods, [41];
    • importance of thorough, [44]–[47].
    • See [Mastication].
  • Children, results of faulty posture in, [62];
    • sleep required by, [103];
    • effects of alcoholic indulgence by parents on, [243].
  • Choice of foods, effect of slow eating habits on, [47].
  • Cigaret smoking, special evils of, [261].
  • Cigars and cigarets, nicotin in, [254]–[255];
    • physical and mental effects of smoking, [255]–[267];
    • increase in use of, [267]–[268].
  • Circulation, effect of alcohol on, [240]–[241];
    • effect of tobacco on, [256], [259]–[260], [263], [267].
  • Circulatory system, death rates from diseases of the, [284], [285].
  • Civilization, hygiene and, [143]–[156].
  • Cleanliness, importance of, for avoiding infections, [75]–[76].
  • Clerks, unsuspected impairments among, [136]–[137].
  • Clothing, relation of, to ventilation, [14];
    • hygiene of, [14];
    • desirability of porous, [14]–[15], [275];
    • evils of tight, [16];
    • choice of cotton, linen, and woolen, [17];
    • color of, [17]–[18];
    • artificial conditions as to, resulting from civilization, [147]–[148].
  • Cocktail drinking, a harmful habit, [67].
  • Colds, popular exaggeration of danger of, from drafts, [8], [123];
    • usual origin of, in germs, [8]–[9], [70]–[71];
    • measures for avoiding, [9];
    • sometimes indirectly caused by constipation, [51];
    • popular delusions concerning, [123]–[124];
    • means of infection, [272];
    • sometimes due to abnormalities in nose or throat, [272]–[273];
    • prevention of, by attention to rules of individual hygiene, [273];
    • chief preventive measures, [273]–[277];
    • emergency treatment of, [277]–[280];
    • possibility of avoiding, altogether, [280].
  • Color of clothes, [17]–[18].
  • Concentrated foods, objection to, [41], [150].
  • Condiments, hot, to be used sparingly, [48].
  • Constipation, evils of, [51]–[52];
    • effects of water-drinking habits on, [52];
    • foods which prevent, [52];
    • use of mineral oils for, [53];
    • avoidance of drugs, [53];
    • an enema a temporary expedient, [53];
    • value of massage of the abdomen, [53]–[54];
    • favored by high-seated water closets, [54];
    • importance of establishing proper habits, [55];
    • poisoning from decomposition of protein in the colon, and remedies, [56];
    • produced by a slouching posture, [57];
    • mental effects of, [106]–[107];
    • effects of, ascribed to overwork, [124];
    • predisposition to colds caused by, [276].
  • Consumptive stoop, ill effects of, [57].
  • Cooking, loss caused in certain foods by, [42];
    • necessary for some foods, [43].
  • Corn, food value of, [29], [175];
    • cellulose in, [41].
  • Cornaro, “The Temperate Life” by, [142].
  • Corsets, constriction from, [16].
  • Cost, of food, [129]–[131], [184]–[190];
    • wholesale, of uncooked ingredients of standard foods, [192]–[193].
  • Cotton, use of, in clothing, [17].
  • Cottonseed oil, a cheap source of fat, [131].
  • Country life, advantages of, [18].
  • Cousins, marriage of, [305]–[306].
  • Crawling exercise for faulty posture, [222]–[223].
  • Cream, food value of, [30], [33], [181].
  • Crime, laws of heredity applied to, [299]–[300].
  • Cucumbers, cellulose in, [41];
    • food value of, [175].
  • Daily rhythm, observance of a, [89]–[90].
  • Dairy products, table of food values of, [181].
  • Dampness of air, exaggeration of evils of, [19].
  • Dancing, question of hygienic value of, [99]–[100];
    • an obstacle to efficiency when overdone, [100].
  • Death rate, lowering of, by public hygiene, [158]–[159];
    • statistics of overweight, [213];
    • influence of alcohol on, [228]–[235], [262];
    • influence of tobacco on, [262];
    • fall of, in younger age groups, and rise at older age periods, in United States, [281];
    • cause of increase in, [282];
    • charts showing trend of, [283]–[285];
    • comparison of, among different nations, [286]–[291].
  • Defectives, segregation and sterilization of, [321]–[322], [323].
  • Degenerative tendencies among nations, comparison of, [286]–[292].
  • Delusions, certain popular, concerning diseases, [123]–[125].
  • Denmark, mortality statistics of, [291].
  • Dental clinic, beneficial results of, [88].
  • Dental decay, process of, [79].
  • Dental floss, use of, [85].
  • Desires, controlling intensity of one’s, [117]–[118].
  • Desk, posture in sitting at a, [61].
  • Despondency, sometimes caused by a slouching posture, [57].
  • Desserts, table of food values of, [179].
  • Diabetes, in relation to focal infection, [82];
    • aggravations of, [123].
  • Discontent, physical sources of, [105]–[106].
  • Diseases, caused by absence of vitamins from food, [42];
    • carried by mosquitoes and flies, [71];
    • caused by focal infection, [82];
    • preventability of, [135]–[136];
    • relation between consumption of alcohol and increase in degenerative, [235]–[236];
    • effect of alcohol on bodily resistance to, [239]–[240];
    • caused by smoking, [263]–[264];
    • signs of increase of the degenerative, [281]–[285].
  • Disinfection of foods, [43].
  • Drafts, unreasonable prejudice against, [8];
    • exaggeration of idea that colds are derived from, [8]–[9];
    • popular delusions concerning, [123]–[124];
    • exposure to, a means of skin training, [274];
    • avoidance of, after catching cold, [277].
  • Drugs, avoidance of, for constipation, [53];
    • habit-forming, as poisons, [65];
    • alcohol to be classed among, [242].
  • Dryness of air, [11], [19];
    • question of ill effects from extreme, [12].
  • Duodenum, ulcer of, caused by focal infection, [82].
  • Dust, air vitiation from, [13];
    • methods of removing, [13];
    • bacteria carried by, [13]–[14].
  • Dusty trades, morbidity and mortality rates in, [13].
  • Dyspepsia among smokers, [264].
  • Eating, before retiring, [103];
    • in case of colds, [279]–[280].
  • Eating habits. See [Food].
  • Education on inheritability of traits, need of, [323].
  • Eggs, food value of, [29], [38], [183];
    • for underweight, [220].
  • Emetin, use of, in treating pyorrhea, [85]–[86].
  • Emotions, exercise of the, [97].
  • Endurance, experiments to determine effect of different diets on, [197]–[199];
    • experiments with mastication, and instinctive eating, [200]–[209].
  • Enema, use of, for constipation, [53].
  • England and Wales, trend of death rate in, [283]–[284];
    • mortality statistics of, [287];
    • expectation of life in, [290].
  • Enjoyment of food, desirability of, [46]–[47], [201]–[202].
  • Enthusiasm in exercise, [95]–[96].
  • Equanimity, secret of, [115].
  • Ether, habit of using, as a stimulant, [242].
  • Eugenics, importance of, [157];
    • distinction between other branches of hygiene and, [157];
    • aim of, [163]–[165];
    • implies right care of racial germ-plasm, [165];
    • and wisdom of choice in marriage, [165]–[166];
    • ability of science of, to guide race to higher levels, [166]–[167];
    • knowledge of, both a personal advantage and a social necessity, [167];
    • main features of thoroughgoing program of, [167];
    • importance for future generations, [167];
    • grandest service of science to the human race, [167]–[168];
    • a remedy for degenerative tendencies, [292];
    • scope of, [293];
    • correction of popular misconceptions, [293]–[294];
    • discovery of hereditary laws, resulting in science of, [294]–[295];
    • rules of, [296];
    • instances of improvement from application of principles, [319]–[322];
    • three main lines of eugenic improvement, [323];
    • need of State Eugenic Boards, [323]–[324];
    • references on, [324].
  • Exercise, times for taking, and benefits, [16];
    • necessity for, to offset evils of a sedentary life, [94];
    • different forms of, [94];
    • after eating, [94];
    • outdoor, in winter, [95];
    • question of enthusiasm in, [95]–[96];
    • ideals in, [96];
    • of mind, will and emotions, [97]–[98];
    • dancing as, [99]–[100];
    • for overweight, [217];
    • for underweight, [220].
  • Exercises, breathing, [25]–[26];
    • breathing, for correcting evils of bad posture, [58];
    • corrective, for faulty posture, [62], [221]–[223];
    • for flat foot, [223].
  • Expectations of life, comparison of, in different localities, [290].
  • Eye-strain, evils resulting from, [93];
    • preventive measures, [93]–[94];
    • remote effects of, [122].
  • Fads, avoidance of, in matter of diet, [50].
  • Fans for keeping air in motion, [10].
  • Fat, function of, as a constituent of food, [35]–[36];
    • examples of, in common foods, [36];
    • suitable proportion of, in diet, [40];
    • as laxative food, [52];
    • in cheap foods, [131];
    • list of foods poor and rich in, [171];
    • fat-forming food to avoid in cases of overweight, [216];
    • forms of, for underweight, [220].
  • Fatigue, cautions regarding eating in a state of, [35];
    • relation of posture to, [57];
    • connection between colds and, [70], [276];
    • relaxation a remedy for, [101];
    • value of baths, for, [102];
    • avoidance of, in cases of underweight, [220].
  • Feet, misdirected, [59]–[60];
    • correct position of, in standing and walking, [60];
    • exercises for the, [223];
    • disturbances of health due to weak, [224];
    • means of detecting weak, [224]–[225].
  • Figs, laxative quality of, [52];
    • food value of, [179].
  • Fires, ventilation by wood or grate, [10].
  • Fish, a high-protein food, [38];
    • special objections to an abundance of, [39].
  • Fisher, George J., smoking tests conducted by, [259]–[260].
  • Flat foot, cause of, [59]–[60];
    • toeing-in and exercise of leg muscles as remedies for, [60];
    • corrective exercises for, [223];
    • consulting a specialist for, [223]–[224];
    • means of detecting, [224]–[225];
    • prevention of, [226].
  • Fleas, as spreaders of disease, [74].
  • Flesh eaters versus flesh abstainers, tests of, [197]–[199].
  • Fletcher, Horace, interest in mastication revived by, [46];
    • experiment with method of, of thorough mastication, [200]–[209].
  • Flies, diseases carried by, [71];
    • guarding against typhoid germs carried by, [73];
    • methods of destroying, [73]–[74].
  • Focal infection, as a cause of disease, [81];
    • diseases traceable to, [82];
    • caution necessary in accepting principle too literally, [83];
    • physical examinations to detect, [292].
  • Food, quantity of, [28];
    • measurement of, by calories, [28];
    • values of common foods, [29]–[30];
    • the daily amount needed per person, [30];
    • precautions regarding, in case of overweight, [32]–[33], [215]–[216];
    • rules regarding, in case of underweight, [33], [219]–[220];
    • diet in middle life, [33]–[34];
    • diet in hot weather, [34];
    • comparative amount needed by brain-workers, [34]–[35];
    • eating when fatigued, [35];
    • protein foods, [35]–[40];
    • advantages of hard foods, [40]–[41];
    • bulk a necessity in, [41]–[42], [148]–[150];
    • objection to concentrated, [41];
    • value of raw foods, [42];
    • cooking necessary for some, [43];
    • thorough mastication of, important, [44]–[47];
    • enjoyment of, desirable, [46]–[47];
    • choice of foods influenced by slow eating, [47];
    • “good” and “bad” foods, [47]–[48];
    • digestibility of so-called indigestible, [49];
    • avoidance of fads as to, [50];
    • consultation of physician regarding, [50];
    • regulation of bowels by, [52];
    • harmful preservatives and adulterants in, [65];
    • comparative cost of, [129]–[131];
    • drawbacks of civilization illustrated by, [148];
    • soft and concentrated foods artificial, [148]–[150];
    • the hurry habit and eating of, [150]–[151];
    • misleading of appetites for, [151]–[152];
    • tabular classification of common foods, [171];
    • ideal proportion of the three elements in, [173];
    • tabular list of values of, in daily diet, [175]–[183];
    • relative energy value and cost of ready-to-serve foods, [184]–[190];
    • minimal cost of, [190]–[194];
    • calories consumed daily by different classes of workers, [195];
    • experiments with mastication and instinctive eating, [200]–[209];
    • references on, [209]–[211];
    • negative value of alcohol as, [241]–[242].
  • Fowl, a high-protein food, [38];
    • special objections to too great an amount of, [39].
  • France, consumption of alcohol in, [236];
    • mortality statistics of, [286].
  • Franklin, Benjamin, views of, concerning colds, [124].
  • Fruit, to be eaten in middle life, [33];
    • suitable for eating when fatigued, [35];
    • cellulose supplied by fibrous, [41];
    • vitamins supplied by, [42];
    • acids supplied by, [43];
    • among the best foods, [48];
    • a laxative food, [52];
    • value to teeth at end of a meal, [220].
  • Fruit acids, cleansing the mouth with, [86].
  • Fruits, table of food values of, [177], [179].
  • Fuel value, of common foods, [171], [175]–[183];
    • of ready-to-serve foods, [184]–[190].
  • Galton, Sir Francis, identified with eugenic movement, [295].
  • Game as food, [48].
  • Games, for giving exercise, [95];
    • advantages possessed by, as recreation, [99].
  • Garters, constriction from, [16].
  • Germany, consumption of alcohol in, [236].
    • See [Prussia].
  • Germs, origin of colds in, [8]–[9], [70]–[71], [272];
    • destroyed by sunlight, [14];
    • clearing food of, [43];
    • infections through, [69]–[78].
  • Gladstone, W. E., noted for mastication of food, [46].
  • Glucose, a cheap source of starch and sugar, [131].
  • Gonorrhea, sterilizing influence of, [78].
  • Grate fires as ventilators, [10].
  • Greeks, high ideals of ancient, [4];
    • perfect physical poise depicted in sculptures of, [59];
    • ideal of, in sports, [96].
  • Greens, laxative quality of, [52].
  • Grippe, avoidance of exposure to infection from, [70].
  • Guinea pigs, illustration from, of action of hereditary traits, [313]–[316].
  • Gums, cleansing the, [84]–[85].
  • Habits, as to defecation, [55];
    • overcoming acquired, to lead a hygienic life, [134]–[135].
  • “Habitus enteroptoticus,” posture called, [58].
  • Happiness, habit of, [115].
  • Hard foods, benefits of, [40]–[41].
  • Hats, ill effects of tight, [16].
  • Headache, sometimes caused by constipation, [51];
    • sometimes due to a slouching posture, [57].
  • Health, present world-wide movement for conservation of, [2];
    • influence of, on character, [105]–[107];
    • mental rewards from, [107]–[108];
    • influence of the mind on, [108]–[109];
    • cost of good, [127]–[128];
    • possibilities of attainment, [141]–[142].
  • Health foods and drinks, [3].
  • Heart, diseases of, due to focal infection, [82];
    • common causes of troubles of, [90];
    • effect of alcohol on, [240]–[241];
    • effect of tobacco on, [250], [259]–[260], [263], [267];
    • death rates from diseases of, [284], [285].
  • Heat, enervating effect of, [11].
  • Heating systems, ventilation and, [10]–[11].
  • Hens, influence of mind on health illustrated by, [108]–[109].
  • Heredity, dependence of health of individual on, [164]–[165];
    • eugenic improvement attainable through control of, [293];
    • discovery of laws of, resulting in science of eugenics, [293]–[294];
    • traits influenced by, [297]–[298];
    • distribution of traits, [298]–[300];
    • desirable and undesirable traits, [300]–[301];
    • illustrations of laws of, by Andalusian fowl and by guinea pigs, [307]–[316];
    • application of principles to human race, [316]–[322].
  • Hill-climbing, as exercise, [94];
    • for overweight, [217].
  • Hodge, Clifton P., fly-trap invented by, [73]–[74].
  • Home exercise, [94].
  • Hookworm disease, preventive measures, [75].
  • Hot weather, diet in, [34].
  • Houses, disadvantages attached to invention of, [145]–[147].
  • Housing, hygiene of, [7]–[14];
    • disadvantages of the poor regarding, [128]–[129].
  • Humidity of air, how to secure, [11]–[12].
  • Hurry, habit of, in modern life, [114];
    • as a promoter of indigestion, [150];
    • excessive use of flesh foods due to, [151].
  • Hygiene, individual, ideals implied by, [1];
    • medieval views contrasted with modern ideals, [1]–[2];
    • good, ventilation the first rule, of, [7];
    • mental, [105]–[118];
    • unity of, [121]–[126];
    • obstacles to, [126]–[135];
    • possibilities of, [135]–[143];
    • and civilization, [143]–[156];
    • public versus individual, [157]–[159];
    • necessity for cooperation between public and individual, [159]–[161];
    • race, [163]–[168];
    • of immediate concern to the present generation, while eugenics is important for future generations, [167]–[168].
  • Hypochondriacs, risk of becoming, [111].
  • Ice-cream, comparative food value of, [33].
  • Ideal food proportions, [173].
  • Ideals, of individual hygiene, [1];
    • contrast afforded by medieval, [1]–[2];
    • present-day establishment of more wholesome, [2];
    • as to labor, [3]–[4];
    • still further improvement needed in American, [4]–[6].
  • Idleness, evils of, [91].
  • Impairments, unsuspected physical, [136]–[139].
  • Inactivity, necessity for periods of, [89];
    • rest and sleep the two great forms of, [89].
  • Indians, bad effects of indoor living upon, [146]–[147].
  • Indigestible foods, digestibility of so-called, [49].
  • Individual hygiene, public hygiene versus, [157]–[159];
    • practice of, a remedy for degenerative tendencies, [292].
  • Indoor living, unnatural character and evils of, [145]–[147].
  • Industrial workers, unsuspected impairments among, [137]–[138];
    • calories of food consumed daily by different classes of, [195];
    • powers of, lessened by use of alcohol, [238], [244].
  • Infections of the body, by germs, [69]–[75];
    • importance of cleanliness for avoiding, [75];
    • through the mouth, [78]–[83];
    • in colds, [272].
  • Infectious diseases, power of resistance to, weakened by alcohol, [68];
    • results regarding, from teeth hygiene, [88].
  • Insect-borne diseases, [71].
  • Insomnia, remedial measures for, [102]–[103];
    • often caused by excessive smoking, [264].
  • Instinctive eating, experiments with, [200]–[209].
  • Intestinal intoxication, distinguished from autointoxication, [81]–[82].
  • Intestinal poisoning, from insufficient mastication, [45].
  • Introspection, one of the curses of idleness, [91].
  • Iron, in vegetable foods, [40].
  • Italy, mortality statistics of, [286].
  • James, William, on enjoyment of life, [5];
    • on religion of healthy-mindedness, [114].
  • Jews, effects of indoor living withstood by, [147].
  • Kidney, among the worst foods, [48].
  • Kidneys, death rates from diseases of, [284], [285].
  • Kipling, Rudyard, on concentrated foods, [41]–[42].