The Economics of the Russian Village

by Isaac A. Hourwich

Households.	Korotoyak.		Nizhnedevitsk.
	Total lot tilled with the owner’s live stock, per cent.	Stopped working on their farms, per cent.	Total lot tilled with the owner’s live stock, per cent.	Stopped working on their farms, per cent.
With 3 or more workers	89	2	88	2
With 2 workers	86	6	82	5
With 1 worker	73	19	65	20
Without workers	24	72	30	60
In all	78	15	74	13
In the Gubernia of Ryazañ	57	36	59	34
	Ranenburg.		Dankoff.

II. CLASSIFICATION THE SAME (ALL “STOPPED WORKING,” ETC. = 100.)

Households.	Stopped working on their farms.
	Korotoyak, per cent.	Nizhnedevitsk, per cent.
With 3 or more workers	2	2
With 2 workers	12	14
With 1 worker	62	67
Without workers	24	17
In all	100	100

[104]

Districts.	Families numbering				All told.
	No adult male workers.	One adult male worker.	Two adult male workers.	Three or more adult male workers.	Full workers.	Half-workers.	Total workers.
Korotoyak:
The farmer’s family	0	1	2	3	1.8	0.4	2.2
Hired laborers	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.5	1.0	0.2	1.2
Total workers	1.2	2.2	3.2	4.5	2.8	0.6	3.4
Nizhnedevitsk:
The farmer’s family	0	1	2	3	2.0	0.5	2.5
Hired laborers	1.0	1.2	1.2	1.4	0.8	0.4	1.2
Total workers	1.0	2.2	3.2	4.4	2.8	0.9	3.7

[105]

Districts.	Villages in the district.	Employing farmers.
		Total households.	To every 100 households.	To 1 village.
Korotoyak	128	829	4	6.5
Nizhnedevitsk	147	1067	5	7.3

[106] The farms of the average size (from 5 to 15 dessiatines), or those below the average size, are not available for the purposes of comparison, since the figures are influenced by yet another agent, viz., by the lack of land, leaving a narrow field for even the labor of the farmer himself.

[107]

Districts.	Households separated within
	The decennial periods		The quinquennial periods
	1868-77, per cent.	1878-87, per cent.	1878-82, per cent.	1883-87, per cent.
Zadonsk	30	36	17	19
Korotoyak	22	35	17	18
Nizhnedevitzk	27	39	18	21