Used to manure the fields on the estates.Head of big cattle.Per cent.
Total, 3431 dessiatines × 6 heads20586100
Total stock of the landlords1101053
Stock of the peasants957647

In a word, nearly one half of the manure used on large estates is procured by the small farmers who are compelled to neglect their own fields. Quite a number of statements to this effect are produced in the Appendices to the Statistical Reports for the Gubernia of Ryazañ.

[158] Statistical Reports for the Gubernia of Voronezh, vol. I., p. 234.

[159] The total of this table exceeds the total of plough land in large estates by 1119 dessiatines, which amounts to 2 per cent. of the whole area, and could by no means influence the inferences drawn from the table. The difference concerns small tenure, on which the statements are slightly at variance with those of the large landholders.

Peasant tenure in the district is represented by the following figures:

Rented for money rental.Dessiatines.
In all25992
Tenements over 50 dessiatines474
Small tenure25518
Held from small estates (of under 50 dessiatines)1292
Held from large estates (of over 50 dessiatines)24226

(Cf. op. cit., p. 251, column 18; p. 273, col. 65. Upon tenure for share in crops, p. 251, col. 14, and cols. 55-56 on pp. 276-335.)

[160]

Ploughland in small tenure.Dessiatines.
In all25309
Manured51

This topic was very fully discussed by Prof. Engelhardt in his Letters from the Village.