[108] The works of Messrs. Colman, at Norwich, comprise among others the following subsidiary departments:—Coopery, engineering shop, saw mills, box-making, packing, paper-making, printing, laboratory. To the most highly developed businesses of pottery and machine-making schools of art and design are not uncommonly attached.
[109] A good deal of the cleansing and combing in the cloth and worsted trades is, however, done separately on commission by large firms such as Lister's. Cf. Burnley, p. 417.
[110] Marshall, Principles of Economics, 2nd edit., p. 517.
[111] Cournot, Recherches sur les Principes Mathématiques de la Theorie des Richesses (quoted Marshall, Principles of Economics, p. 384).
[112] It ought, however, to be kept in mind that the application of the "roundabout" method is only economically justified by a continual increase in consumption. So far as a given quantity of consumption is concerned the result of the "roundabout" method is to diminish the quantity of capital which assists to produce it.
[113] Professor Böhm Bawerk shows this increased time of production to be the essential characteristic of capitalist production. Cf. Positive Theory of Capital.
[114] For a full and valuable treatment of these harmonious relations, from the point of view of consumption and production, see Patten's Economics of a Dynamic Society.
[115] Cf. Porter, Progress of the Nation, pp. 177-206.
[116] Principles of Sociology, vol. i. p. 500 (3rd edit.).
[117] For a detailed account of the national trade divisions, cf. Dr. Yeats, The Golden Gates of Trade.