[118] Foreign competition with English textiles, though comparatively modern so far as the more highly developed machine-made fabrics is concerned, was keenly felt early in the century in hand-made goods. Schulze-Gaevernitz points out that the depression in work and wages of the hand-loom workers in 1820 was due more to foreign competition than to the new machinery. (Der Grossbetrieb, p. 41.)
[119] Yeats, The Golden Gates of Trade, p. 12. (Philip & Son.)
[120] Cf. Schulze-Gaevernitz's minute investigation of this whole subject, Der Grossbetrieb, pp. 98, 99, etc.
[121] Schulze-Gaevernitz, p. 110.
[122] For the gain of female over male employment in textile factories, cf. Chap. xi.
[123] In a free application of Spencer's formula of evolution to modern industry I have not included the quality of "definiteness," which close reflection shows to possess no property which is not included under heterogeneity and cohesiveness.