[349]. Zeitschr. p. 455.

[350]. Frankel Monatschr. p. 71: comp. Derenbourg p. 170 sq.

[351]. See Löwy Krit.-Talm. Lex. s.v. Essäer.

[352]. Urged in favour of this derivation by Herzfeld II. p. 398.

[353]. The oath taken by the Essenes (Joseph. B.J. ii. 8. 7) συντηρήσειν ... τὰ τῆς αἱρέσεως αὐτῶν βιβλία can have nothing to do with accuracy in transcribing copies, as Herzfeld (II. pp. 398, 407) seems to think. The natural meaning of συντηρεῖν, ‘to keep safe or close’ and so ‘not to divulge’ (e.g. Polyb. xxxi. 6. 5 οὐκ ἐξέφαινε τὴν ἑαυτῆς γνώμην ἀλλὰ συνετήρει παρ’ ἑαυτῇ), is also the meaning suggested here by the context.

[354]. The passage is adduced in support of this derivation by Derenbourg p. 175.

[355]. See Zeitschr. p 438, Monatschr. pp. 68–70.

[356]. See above, p. [118].

[357]. Taanith 24b, Yoma 53b; see Surenhuis Mishna III. p. 313.

[358]. In this and similar cases it is unnecessary to consider whether the persons mentioned might have belonged to those looser disciples of Essenism, who married (see above, p. [85]): because the identification is meaningless unless they belonged to the strict order itself.