The Grandeur That Was Rome: a survey of Roman culture and civilisation

by J. C. Stobart

Lanciani. Ancient Rome in the Light of Recent Discoveries. Macmillan.

Law

Buckland. Roman Law of Slavery. 1908. Cambridge University Press.

Roby. Roman Private Law. 1902. Cambridge University Press.

INDEX

[A], [B], [C], [D], [E], [F], [G], [H], [I], [J], [K], [L], [M], [N], [O], [P], [Q], [R], [S], [T], [V], [W], [X], [Y], [Z]

[Abitene], [194]
Accomplishments, early Roman, [34]
“Accountants,” [276]
Achæan League, [55], [202]
Achaia, [193], [202]
Actium, Battle of, [129], [166], [184], [188], [202], [240]
Actors, [137]
Acts of the Apostles, [200]
Aden, [204]
Adherbal, [91]
Adiabene, [267]
Adige, [220]
Admirals, [187]
Adriatic fleet, [186], [187]
Adultery, law against, [226]
Advertisements, [285]
Ædiles, [30], [32], [134]
Ædui, [262]
Æsopus (actor), [132]
Aetius, [314]
Ætolian cavalry, [55]
Afranius, [123]
Africa, province of, [59], [193], [208], [283];
diocese, [312]
Agathocles, [45], [61]
Agedincum, [212]
Agri Decumates, [264]
Agricola, Julius, [260], [261]
Agriculture, early Roman, [36], [70]
Agrippa, General under Augustus, [165];
intended successor to Augustus, [174], [175],
disciplinarian, [183],
overlord in Asia, [195],
Herod and, [205];
and the worship of Jehovah, [207];
and the conquest of Spain, [221];
married to Julia, [227], [228],
temple erected by, [251]
Agrippa, Marcus Vipsanius, [129]
Agrippa Postumus, [229]
Agrippina, [224]
Agrippina, (mother of Nero), [256], [272]
Alani, [307]
Alba Longa, [25]
Albinus, Spurius, [92]
Alcamenes, [156]
Alcantara, Bridge of, [294]
Alemanni, [309]
Alesia, [116]
Alexander the Great, [1], [6]
Alexandria, Cæsar at, [122],
and convention in literature, [151];
rivalry with Rome, [202], [282],
Jews in, [268]
“Alimenta,” [276]
Aliso, [216]
“Allies and friends,” [28], [60]
Alme, [216]
Alpes Cottiæ, [194]
Alpes Maritimæ, [194]
Alpine tribes, [220]
Alps, the, Hannibal’s march, [50],
roads over, [220]
Amazons, [258], [307]
Amphitheatre, the Grand, [282]
Amphitheatre displays, [74];
butchery, [137]
Amphitheatres, [243], [279];
in Britain, [261]
Ampsaga, river, [208]
Amusements, [136], [279]
“Analecta,” [137]
Anchises, [224]
Ancus Martius, [19]
Ancyra, [199]
Ancyran monument, [188]
Andernach, [264]
Andronikos, [74]
Anglesey, [259], [260]
Anna Perenna, [36], [39]
Antinous, [293]
Antioch, [247], [267], [268], [282]
Antiochus of Syria, [54], [55]
Antium, [134]
Antonine Constitution, [299]
Antonine Wall, [261]
Antonines, the, [277]
Antoninus Pius, [262], [271], [277],
column of, [292]
Antonius (orator), [104]
Antonius, L, [164]
Antony, Mark, and Cæsar, [124],
and the succession, [126], [127],
and Octavian (Augustus), [127], [128], [163], [164],
the Triumvirate, [128],
victories, [128],
and Cleopatra, [128], [129], [164], [203],
and Actium, [130],
marriages, [138],
and Cicero, [148]
Antony and Cleopatra, coins of, [155]
Aosta, [220]
Apelles, [296]
Apennines, slave refugees, [106]
Apicius, [279]
Apollo as a Roman god, [79],
temple to, [168]
Apollodorus, [266]
Apollonia, [201], [202]
Apollonius, [290]
Appian Way, [34]
Appius Claudius, [85]
Appius Claudius (censor), [34], [42], [46]
Appuleian Laws, [95], [99]
Apuleius, [290]
Aquæ Mattiacæ (Wiesbaden), [264]
Aquæ Sextiæ, [94]
Aqueducts, [179], [280], [283], [293]
Aquilegia, [220]
Aquitania, [210]
Arabia, [194], [204], [267]
Arabs, [307]
Aratus, [234]
Arausio (Orange), [94]
Arcesilaus, [156], [249]
Arch, the, [153], [294]
Arch, triumphal, [196]
Archelaus, [206]
Architecture of the Republic, [151-154],
of the Augustan period, [250-252],
of the Empire, [293-297],
later Roman and early Christian, [316]
Arena. See Amphitheatre
Aretine pottery, [159]
Areus, [209]
Arezzo, [120]
Argos, [202]
Aristocracy, government by, [71], [72],
debased, [81],
wealth, [132],
Augustus and, [224];
under the Empire, [254]
Domitian and the, [274].
See also Patricians
Aristotle, [290]
Armenia, [194], [198], [199], [200], [267], [268]
Arminius, [218], [219], [263]
Armour of soldiers, [29], [98]
Army, professional, as constituted by Marius, [96-99],
and government, [99],
under Augustus, [182],
soldiering becomes a profession, [184],
how constituted, [184],
rate of pay, [185];
distribution of the legions, [185];
pay (finance), [188],
bounties to veterans, [189]
Arpinum, [134]
Art, Etruscan, [20];
early Roman, [22], [34], [66],
of the Republic, [151-159],
of the Augustan period, [243-252],
of the Empire, Greek influence, [291],
sculpture, [292],
history of, [293],
influence of Antinous, [293],
architecture, [294-297],
painting, [296],
minor arts, [297],
Byzantine, [316]
“Art, Roman,” [151], [245]
Art collectors under the Republic, [155]
Artillery, [280]
Artists, [248]
Arts, the, and politics, [231]
Arusine Plain, [46]
“Aryan,” [2]
As, the copper (coin), [17], [34], [154]
Aschaffenburg, [264]
Ashtaroth, [39]
Asia Minor, coins of, [249],
Jews in, [268],
Christianity in, [302]
Asia, province of, [59];
wealth, [61], [64];
taxes, [88],
control by Augustus, [178];
senatorial province, [193],
security in, [200],
diocese, [312]
“Asiarchs,” [201]
Assassins, [268]
Assessments for taxes, [276]
Assyria, [267]
Asturians, [220]
Asturica Augusta (Astorga), [221]
Athens and Rome, contrast between, [2],
allied with Rome, [55],
Sulla and, [101],
and education, [133],
an allied state, [194],
position of, under Rome, [201],
new quarter, [284]
Athletics, [286]
Atrium, the, [135]
Attalids, the, of Pergamum, [246]
Attalus, [55]
Attalus III., [59]
Attica, [201]
Atticus, [131], [233]
Attila, [314]
Attius, [138]
Augsburg, [220]
Augurs, [133]
Augusta Emerita (Merida), [221]
Augusta (legion), [183]
“Augustals,” [181]
“Augustan” age, the. See Augustus
Augustan history, [305]
Augusti, [312]
Augustine, [316]
Augustulus, Romulus, [315]
Augustus (Gneius Octavius, Octavianus) adds Egypt to the Empire, [60],
Cæsar’s heir, [124], [127],
takes up his inheritance, [127];
triple alliance, [128],
pursues the tyrannicides, [128]
master of the West, [129],
becomes the Emperor Augustus, [100], [130];
health, [136];
and literature, [151];
and monarchy, [161],
statesmanship, [161], [182],
Suetonius on, [162];
character, [163],
and Cleopatra, [164],
policy, [164], [165],
triumph, [165];
and peace [166],
and the patricians, [167];
takes a census, [167],
strengthens the senate, [167];
improves Rome, [167],
establishes the Empire, [168],
senate names him Augustus, [169],
“restores the Republic,” [168], [169],
constitutional position, [170],
wealth, [172],
as censor, [172],
consulships, [173];
tribunician power, [173],
successors, [174],
age and reign, [175];
and the senate, [175],
pretended abdication, [177],
powers, [177],
patron of the people, [180]
and the laws, [180];
military position, [182],
creates a navy, [186],
and public finance, [188],
his generosity, [188],
his provinces, [194],
account of condition of Italy, [196],
and the Parthians, [197],
cult of himself, [201], [225];
and Egypt, [203],
and the Soudan, [204],
and Herod, [206],
and the Jews, [207];
in Sicily, [209],
and Gaul, [209],
and Germany, [212],
and Spain, [220];
results of his rule, [221],
his work, [223],
aristocracy and, [224],
plots against, [224],
flattery, [224];
and the regeneration of Roman society, [225];
as a father, [226];
marriages, [226];
and the succession, [228],
family, [229],
his habits, [229],
character, [230],
education, [231],
and literature [232];
in Vergil, [234];
in Horace, [239],
and art, [243],
and rebuilding of Rome, [244], [248],
culture, [252],
and the enlargement of the Empire, [259]
Aurelian, [307]
Aurelius, Marcus, Antonine dynasty, [277];
philosophy fashionable under, [279],
Galen, his state physician, [290],
portrait, [292], [294];
hostile to Christianity, [302],
and immortality, [303],
Rome under, [305],
and the barbarians, [309], [311]
Ausonius, [316]
Austria, [217], [220]
Autonomy, local, [284]
Aventine Hill, [280]
Avernus, Lake of, [186]
Axiomitæ, [307]
[Ba’albek], [282], [295]
Bacchic mysteries, [79]
Bacchus, [240]
Bactrians, [307]
Bætica, [221]
Baiæ, [134], [251], [257], [296];
Turner’s picture of, [283]
Bakery account from Pompeii, [285]
Balearic slingers, [98]
Balkans, [220]
Bank rate, [166]
Bankrupts and the senate, [103]
Banks, [64]
Banquets, [133], [136], [196]
Barberini panel, [316]
Barcas, the, [49]
Barea Soranus, [273], [300]
Barristers, [298]
Batanæa, [194]
Batavian cavalry, [184]
Baths, [136], [196], [243], [261], [283]
Baths of Titus, the, [293]
Battle-array, [29]
Beasts for the arena, [133]
Bedriacum, [273]
Beja, [221]
Belgica, [210]
Bestia, [91], [92]
Bibulus, [111]
Bithynia, [60], [193], [200]
“Bithyniarchs,” [201]
Black Sea, [186], [220], [297]
Blemyes, [307]
Boadicea, [219], [260]
Bœotia, [201]
Bohemia, [217]
Books, [131],
Cicero’s books, [134]
Bosco Reale, [249]
Bosphorus, [194]
Brenner Pass, [263]
Brennus, [199]
Brescia, [196]
Bribery and corruption, [79], [133]
Brickwork, [294]
Bridge, marble, [196]
Brigantes, the, [261], [262]
Britain, Cæsar’s expeditions to, [117],
Cæsar on, [150];
Augustus and, [170], [209], [210],
conquest of, [259],
empire-building in, [260];
and Roman civilisation, [261],
roads, [262];
walls, [261], [262],
and the “Latin right,” [299];
and separate unity, [308],
diocese, [312],
deserted, [314]
Britannicus, [272]
Britons, the, [114]
Bronze-work, [297]
Brotherhood of man, [302]
Brundisium, [145]
Bruttium, [45], [47]
Brutus and liberty, [33];
as hero, [112],
against Cæsar, [124],
and the assassination of Cæsar, [126],
and the succession, [127],
fall of, [128],
bust of, [157],
as martyr, [173],
and Horace, [237]
Budgets under Augustus,

[192]
Buffer states, [198], [199], [214]
Building, early, [19],
materials (houses), [135], [153],
principles of, [153];
brickwork, [294];
villas, [295]
Bureaucracy, [171], [181], [270], [272], [276], [278], [310]
Burgundians, [212], [213]
Byzantine (Constantinople), [313]
Byzantine art, [316]
Byzantine Empire, the, [313]
Cadiz, [49]
Cæcilius, [76]
“Cæsar” (Emperor), [112]
“Cæsar and the Roman People,” cult of, [207]
Cæsar Augusta (Saragossa), [221]
Cæsar, Gaius Julius, adds Gaul to the Empire, [60],
and the monarchy, [100],
birth and lineage, [109],
as Pontifex Maximus, [109];
and the conspiracy of Catiline, [110],
prætor to Spain, [110],
the Triumvirate, [110];
becomes Consul, [110];
conquests of Gaul, [111], [116],
honours paid to, by poets and others, [112],
account of the Gallic Wars, [112];
as historian, [113], [150],
his greatness, [113];
his work, [114],
as a soldier, [116];
and Britain, [117], [150],
and Pompeius, [114], [119],
civil war, [120],
devotion of his men, [121],
conquers at Pharsalus, [121], [122],
in Egypt, [122],
and Cleopatra, [122],
conquests, [122], [123],
supporters, [124],
reforms, [125],
kingship, [125],
slain, [126],
his will, [127],
wealth of, [132],
epileptic, [135],
wives, [138],
and Roman history, [145],
as orator, [149],
his Commentaries, [149],
portraits, [157],
and monarchy, [161],
temple to, [166];
The Commentaries and Germany, [214],
deified, [225],
as poet, [232].
Cæsar, L., [104]
Cæsar-worship, [231], [267], [300]
Cæsarea, [206], [268]
Cæsarion, [122]
Cæsars, the, [254]
Calabria, [45]
Caledonians, the, [261], [262]
Caligula (Gaius Cæsar), [253], [268], [269], [271], [272]
Callimachus, [239]
Callipolis, [286]
Calpurnia, [126]
Cameos, [249]
Campagna, the Roman, [12], [25],
shepherds, [37]
Campania, [28], [34], [283]
Campanian Road, [134]
Campus Martius, [36], [153]
Camulodunum (Colchester), [259], [260]
Candace, [205]
Candlestick, the seven-branched golden, [269]
Cannabæ, [310]
Cannæ, [51]
Canon law, [299]
Cantabrians, [220]
Capital punishment, [43]
Capitol, the, [25], [153], [293], [307]
Capitoline Hill, [282]
Cappadocia, [194], [267]
Capri, [229]
Capua, [51]
Caracalla, [292], [299], [306]
Caradoc, [260]
Carbo, [94]
Carducci and Catullus, [144]
Carrhæ, [119], [197]
Carthage, the early Romans and, [13], [17],
Roman treaty with, 348 B.C., [26],
Pyrrhus and the Carthaginians, [46],
Carthaginian Wars, [47],
First Punic War, [48],
Second Punic War, [49],
and Hannibal, [50],
defeated, [53],
Third Punic War, [57],
siege and destruction, [58],
a province, [59],
colony at, [88];
refounded as colony by Augustus, [208],
Carthaginian invaders of Sicily, [209]
Carus, [308]
Carving (food), [137]
Caspian Sea, [213]
Cassius, [112], [126-128], [271]
Castle of St. Angelo, [294]
Catiline, conspiracy of, [110];
Cicero on, [147]
Cato (the Censor), prayer on cutting a grove quoted, [40],
and Carthage, [57],
and slaves, [71];
and luxury, [72],
and prudishness, [80];
policy of, [83]
Cato the younger (of Utica), character, [111],
and the end of the Republic, [108], [118];
death, [123],
wives, [138];
and Stoicism, [139],
and the senate, [147];
austerity, [148]
Catullus, [104], [142], [232], [243]
Caudine Pass, the, [28]
Celibacy, tax on, [190], [226]
Celtic religion, [221]
Celts, the, [115]
Censors, [32], [72], [272]
Censorship of letters, [232]
Census-taking, [32], [167]
Ceres, [38], [39]
Chalons, Battle of, [314]
Chariot-racing, [279], [280], [314]
Charlemagne, [112]
Chastity, [33]
Chatti, [263]
Chauci, [216], [263]
Cheruscia, [216], [217], [218], [219]
Chester, [260]
Christianity and Cæsar worship, [201], [300],
conflict with Mithraism, [299];
Rome and the establishment of, [300],
Stoicism and, [300], [302],
confounded with Judaism, [300],
scruples of Christians, [301],
proselytes, [301],
inquisitions and martyrdoms, [301],
Edict of Milan, [302];
hostility of emperors, [302],
monotheism, [303],
rites and saints taken from paganism, [303],
the Church and the Roman political system, [304],
Constantine and, [313],
Rome and the Church, [315]
Chronological summary of Roman history, [317-324]
Chrysostom, St. John, [316]
Church and state, [315]
Churches, Christian, [316]
Cicero, Latinity of, [9],
the translation of, [10],
and pleading in law, [43],
and Pompeius, [108],
oration on Manilius, [109],
and the conspiracy of Catiline, [110],
policy, [110],
exile, [118], [127],
slain, [128],
his gains as governor of Cilicia, [131],
his wealth, [131], [134],
his houses, [134],
and library, [134],
health, [135],
divorces his wife, [138],
and Plato, [139];
his influence on Latin literature, [144];
his policy and rhetoric, [145],
his character, [145];
creator of Latin prose, [146], [231],
his style, [146],
as a lawyer, [146];
oratory, [147];
political life, [148],
his end, [148],
bust of, [157];
and immortality, [231],
not a client, [232]
Cicero, Quintus, [124], [146]
Cilicia, a province, [59], [193], [200];
pirate-state at, [106],
Cicero’s gains as governor, [131]
Cimbri, the invasion by the, [93];
defeated by Marius, [94]
Cincinnatus, [33]
Cineas, [46]
Cinna (consul), [104]
Circus Maximus, [280]
Circuses, [243]
Cirta, [91]
Citizenship, Roman, [27], [30], [299]
“City Legion,” [184]
City prefect, [182]
City-states, the, [6], [27], [69], [278]
Civic ardour, [284]
Civil law of Rome, [298]
Civil service, the, [276]
Civil War, First, [120-123]
Civil War, Second, [128], [129]
Civil wars, restorations after the, [196]
Civilisation, early Roman, [34],
under the Republic, [130],
under Augustus, [200]
Classical education, [291]
Classical literature, the golden age of, [150]
Classicism, [9]
Claudian, [316]
Claudian house, the, [227]
Claudian law, [132]
Claudian Way, [220]
Claudii, the, [24], [42], [72]
Claudius, Suetonius on, [162],
forbids Druidism, [211],
his character, [254];
best of the Claudian Cæsars, [255],
and Messalina, [255], [256],
and Germany, [263],
and Thrace, [265],
as Cæsar, [271], [272];
death, [272],
building under, [293]
Claudius Gothicus, [307]
Cleopatra and Cæsar, [122];
and Antony, [126], [128], [129], [138], [203],
and Augustus, [164],
and Herod the Great, [205]
Cleopatra’s daughter, [208]
Clergy, Christian, [311]
Clerks, copying, [131]
Client system, [72];
in literature, [232]
Clodia, [138]
Clodius, [108], [111], [118], [119]
Clœlia, [33]
Cohorts, [98];
urban, [186],
of watchmen, [186]
Coinage, early, [17],
copper, [34]
Coins under the Republic, [154],
portraits on, [158];
legionary, [183],
with Parthian suppliant, [198];
for Judæa, [207],
of Asia Minor, [249]
Colchester, [259], [260]
Collecting art objects, [225], [248]
“Collegia,” [284]
Collegial system, [31]
Colline Gate, the, [105]
Coloni (tillers of the soil), [311]
Colonia Agrippinensis (Cologne), [215], [219], [263]
Colonnades, [196], [243], [250]
Colosseum, the, [282], [293]
Columella, [290]
Columns in architectures, [154]
Comedy, [75-77]
Comitatus, the, [312]
Comitia, [25], [30], [36], [86], [174], [179]
Commagene, [194], [199]
Commander of legions, [134]
Commerce, [131]
Commodus, [264], [277]
Como, [283], [296]
Companies, commercial, [131]
Consilium, [176]
Constantine, Arch of, [280], [316],
Basilica of, [282]
Constantine, Emperor, Cæsar and, [112],
and a new senate, [179];
and Christianity, [302], [313],
and tillers of the soil, [311],
founds Constantinople, [313]
Constantinople founded, [313],
mosaics of, [316]
Constitution of ancient Rome, [30]
Consuls, [25], [30], [31], [63], [125], [134], [181], [193]
Copper coinage, [34], [154]
Coptos, [204]
Corduba, [220]
Cordus, Cremutius, [271]
Corinth destroyed, [57], [58];
restored by Julius Cæsar, [302];
and Greek art, [247]
Corinthian column, the, [250]
Corn, duty on, [273]
Corn-supply, [69], [109], [181], [188], [190], [209], [308]
Corn trust, Sicilian, [109]
Cornelia, mother of the Gracchi, [84]
Cornelia, daughter of Scribonia, [240]
Cornelii, the, [72]
Corocota (Gaius Julius Caracuttus), [221]
“Correctors,” [276]
Corsica, [48], [59], [193]
Coryphæus, [280]
Courage an early Roman virtue, [33]
Crassus, Marcus, subdues the rising of the slaves, [106],
defeated at Carrhæ, [107], [119],
his wealth, [107], [132],
and Cæsar, [110], [114], [118],
the conspiracy of Catiline, [110]
Crassus (orator), [84], [104]
Cremera, Battle of, [24]
Cremona, [53]
Cretan archers, [98]
Crete, [38], [60], [193], [208]
Cross, the, Constantine and, [313]
Cruttwell, C. T., on Ovid, [240]
Ctesiphon, [267]
Culture and religion, [35]
Cumæ, [134]
Cura annonæ, [190]
“Curators,” [276]
Curiales, [311]
Curies, [30]
Curtius, Quintus, [33]
Curule chair, the, [22]
Customs duties, [272]
Cybele, the worship of, [79]
Cyclades, the, [201]
Cymbeline, [259]
Cynics, the, [302]
Cynocephalæ, [55]
Cyprus, [178], [193], [200]
Cyrenaica, [193], [208]
Cyrene, [60], [208], [268]
Cytheris, [126], [138]
Dacia, [265], [266], [267], [312]
Dalmatia, [193], [265]
Dalmatian War, [187]
Damascus, [268]
Danish shores, [213]
Dante and Cæsar, [112],
Dante’s debt to Roman poets, [289]
Danube, the, [197], [218], [219], [220], [263], [264], [265], [306], [309], [314]
Danube frontier, [220]
Dead, burial of the, [34]
Death, [303]
Death-duties, [189]
Death-masks,

[248]
Debtors, punishment of, [43]
Decebalus, [265]
Decemviri, [42]
Decius, [301]
Decuriones, [195], [311]
“Delation,” [204], [272], [275], [277]
Delphi, [101], [201]
Delphic Amphictyony, the, [202]
Demetrius, [51]
Democracy, the Gracchi and, [86], [90],
Julius Cæsar and, [109]
Democritus, [139]
Denarius, silver, [207]
Despotism, benevolent, [311]
Development fund, [276]
Diana, [38], [39], [238]
Diana of Ephesus, Temple of, [201]
Dictator, [125]
Dill, Dr. Samuel, on Pliny, [279], [284]
Dining, [133]
Dinner-parties, [136]
Dio Cassius, [168], [182]
Dio Chrysostom, [290]
“Dioceses,” [312]
Diocletian, [271], [301], [310], [311]
Diocletian, palace of, [316]
Diplomacy, Roman, [26]
Discipline, Roman, [26], [183],
of army, [97]
Divination, Etruscan, [21]
Divodurum, [212]
Divorce, [80], [136], [226]
Docks, [186]
Domitian, unpopular, [177],
and Britain, [261],
and imperial expansion, [264],
and Decebalus, [265],
a tyrant, [274],
and the senate, [274],
assassination, [275],
and Titus, [293]
Doric architecture, [153],
column, [250]
Drama, beginnings, [73],
Greek tragedies translated for Roman stage, [75];
comedies, [75],
under the Republic, [137]
Drinking, [136]
Druidism, [114], [211], [259]
Drusus, [184], [215], [227], [239]
Drusus, M. Livius, [102]
Dukes (dux), [312]
Durocortorum, [212]
Dutch horsemen, [184]
Dutch shores, [213]
Dutch territory, [216]
Duties, customs, [212], [273]
Duumviri, [195]
Dyarchy, the, [177], [275]
Eagle, the silver (standard), [98]
Eagles, Roman, captured, [197]
East, the, and Roman art, [249]
Eating, [136]
Eburacum (York), [261]
Edict of Milan, [302]
Edicts, perpetual, [298], [299]
Education beginnings, [74],
under the Republic, [132],
in Gaul, [211],
and schools in 200 a.d., [280];
Pliny endows a secondary school, [283],
and schools under the Empire, [285-286]
Egnatius Rufus, [180]
Egypt allied against Philip of Macedon, [55],
conquered by Octavian (Augustus), [60], [130], [166],
Pompeius and Cæsar in, [122],
private possession of Augustus, [170], [172],
prefect of, [180], [194],
corn-supply, [190];
wealth, [202],
under Augustus, [203];
religion, [203],
taxes, [203];
canals and irrigation, [203],
reservoirs, [204],
position of prefect, [204],
and Greek art, [247];
rebels in the triumph of Aurelian, [307],
a diocese, [312]
Elagabalus, [306]
Elbe, the, [216], [217], [218]
Election posters, [285]
Electra (sculpture), [249], [250]
Elephantine, Nilometer at, [204]
Elephants, [46]
Eleusinian mysteries, [55], [231]
Emesa, [194], [199];
fetish-stone, [306]
Empire-building, [28], [44], [211]
Empire, the early, history, [162];
establishment of, [168];
illegitimate, [254];
during its first century, [259];
limits of the, [269],
junior colleagues to Cæsar, [276],
weak through its vastness, [308];
decay, [313];
divided, [313];
dismembered, [314]
Empire, the Eastern, [313]
Ems, [216], [264]
Ennius, [76], [78], [138], [236]
Ephesus, [201], [247], [282]
Epictetus, [302]
Epicurus, [139]
Epirot phalanx, [46]
Equality, [33], [71]
Equestrian class (Equites), [64], [88], [97], [180]
Eros (Egyptian tax-gatherer), [191]
Esquiline Camp, [258]
Esquiline Hill, [25]
Ethics, Christian, [302], [303]
Etruria, conquests, [28],
Sullan colonists in, [110]
Etruscans, the, neighbours at beginning of Rome, [13];
piracy, [13], [17],
remains, [14], [20],
conquest of Rome, [19],
their origin, [20],
art, [20], [22],
character, [21],
divination, [21];
costumes, [22],
decline of the Etruscan power, [23],
Etruscan princes of Rome, [20], [23],
enemy of Rome, [28];
gods, [39],
portraiture, [152], [156],
and Roman architecture, [153],
and Roman art, [248]
Eudæmones, [307]
Euhemerism, [201]
Euphrates, the, [197], [267]
Europe, Rome and the making of, [5];
Germany and the history of, [213]
Extortion, [133], [191], [209], [212], [273]
Extravagances, [279]
Fabii, the, [24], [72]
Fabius, Pictor, [150]
Fabius, Quintus, [51]
Family, the, [225]
Famine, [190]
Farnese Palace, [251]
“Father of his country,” [179]
Fatherhood, [226]
Fatherhood of God, [303]
Fathers, power of, [25]
Fauns, [37]
Faustina, [224]
Feasting, [133], [136]
Felix, [206]
Fencing, [98]
Ferrero, Signor G., on Cæsar’s character, [112],
on Augustus, [199],
and Gaul, [210]
Festivals, early Roman, [36]
Festus, [207]
Fever, malarial, [135]
Fifth Legion, [215]
Finance, beginnings, [66],
under Augustus, [187],
gifts, [188],
property-tax and death-duties, [189],
of the senate, [192]
Financial corruption, [64]
Financiers, [194]
Fire-brigade, [181], [186]
Flamines, [38]
Flaminian Way, [196]
Flaminii, the, [72]
Flamininus, [55]
Flavian age, the, [293]
Flavian dynasty, [274]
Flax, [212]
Flora, [38], [39]
Footmen, [137]
Fordicidia, [40]
Formiæ, [134]
Fortifications, frontier, [261], [262], [264]
Fortuna Virilis, [39];
Temple of, [153], [154]
Fortune-hunters, [226]
Forum, the, [33], [252]
Forum Julii (Fréjus), [187]
Forums, [280], [282]
Fowler, W. Warde, [35]
France, roads of, [211]
Frankfort, [264]
Franks, [212], [213], [307], [309]
Fratres Arvales, [39]
Frazer, J. G., [35]
“Free” states, [60]
Freedmen, [181]
Freeman, E. A., [19]
Fréjus, [187]
French Revolution, the, and the Roman Republic, [71]
Frescoes, [296]
Friezes, [246]
Frisians, [216]
Frontiers, [223];
fortified, [261],
natural, [266]
Fulvia, [126], [127], [129], [138], [149]
Furniture, [297]
Gabii, [25]
Gabinian Law, [109]
Gadara, [205]
Gades, [220], [282]
Gætulian nomads, [208]
Gaius (Emperor). See Caligula
Gaius, over-lord in Asia, [195]
and the Parthian king, [200],
and the succession, [228],
tutor and servants of, [230]
Gaius, “Institutes” of, [299]
Galatia, [193], [199]
Galatians, [184]
Galba, [179], [258], [273]
Galen, [290]
Galilee, [194], [206], [268]
Gallia. See Gaul
Gallienus, [306], [307]
Gallus, Cornelius, [203], [204], [232], [234]
Gamaliel, [207]
Games, public, [137]
Gardening, [296]
Gardthausen, Dr., on Augustus, [162],
on the Roman Army and the British Empire, [186]
Gaul, The Gauls and Etruria, [23], [28],
Gallic invasion of 390 b.c., [25], [26],
conquest of the Gauls, [49],
allies of Hannibal, [50],
revolt of the Gauls, [53], [117],
Southern Gaul, [59],
Cisalpine Gaul, [60];
Gallia Narbonensis, [59], [193], [209],
Gallia Comata, [60], [210],
conquest by Cæsar, [111],
Cæsar and the Gallic wars, [112],
the Gauls, time of Cæsar, [114],
politics, [116];
and Augustus, [169], [172],
province, [193];
Gauls in Galatia, [199];
under Augustus, [209-211];
gods, [211],
tribes, [211];
German inroads, [215];
revolt against Nero, [257],
and Britain, [259];
civilisation, [262],
nationality, [262],
“Empire of the Gauls,” [262],
Gallic communities and the “Latin right,” [299];
Gallic empire destroyed, [307];
unity, [308],
diocese, [312]
Geese, sacred, [59]
Gems, portraits on, [158]
Generosity, public, [284]
Genius (luck), [37], [156]
Geographical knowledge, ancient, [59]
Germanicus as General in Germany, [184], [217], [218], [219], [263],
Augustus and the children of, [226],
the poisoning of, [255]
Germany, Cæsar and the Germans, [117],
German slaves bodyguard, [184],
German revolt, [184],
province Germania, [193],
Augustus and, [197], [212],
and its conquest, [214-220]
social system and tribes, [214],
inroads into Gaul, [215],
unconquered, [263];
Germans in the triumph of Aurelian, [307],
unity, [308]
Ghosts (Lemures), [37]
Gibbon, Edward, influence of, on view of Roman history, [3];
and the Roman imperial system, [277]
Gladiatorial combats, [74]
Gladiators, [71], [131], [133], [137], [185], [280], [282]
Glaucia, [95]
Gluttony, [136], [279]
Glycon, [156]
Gods, loves of the, in Ovid, [240]
Gods, Roman. See Religion
Gold mines of Macedon, [54], [58]
Golden House, the, of Nero, [256], [293]
Goldsmith art, [249]
Gordians, the, [306]
Goths, the, [213], [299], [307], [309], [314]
Government, Roman, benevolent, [61];
local autonomy to conquered territories, [62];
want of policy by senate, [82]
Governors, Roman, [63], [134]
Gracchi, the, [84]
Gracchus, Gaius, takes up reform, [87];
elected a tribune, [88],
his policy, [88-89],
murdered, [89]
Gracchus, Tiberius, [84],
training, [85],
and the land, [85], [86];
and democracy, [86],
elected a tribune, [86],
murdered, [87]
Græco-Roman culture under Augustus, [231],
and Roman literature, [288]
Gravitas, [43]
Greece, resemblances between Rome and, [1],
Greece and expansion, [6];
influence of, on Rome, [72], [74], [81],
influence of, on Roman literature, [151],
and Roman architecture, [153], [250], [251],
influence of, on portraiture, [157],
Roman veneration for Greece, [201],
and Roman education, [201],
position of, in the Roman Empire, [201],
Greek religion, [207],
and Roman art, [243-252]
Greek cities, [194]
Greek culture, extent of, [200],
in Rome, [231]
Greek drama for the Roman stage, [75], [76]
Greek mythology and Roman religion, [35], [39]
Greek philosophy in Rome, [139]
Greek sculpture in Rome, [155]
Grotius, [298]
Grove, prayer on cutting down a, [40],
sacred, [211]
Gruningen, [264]
Guilds (collegia), [284], [311]
Gundobald, [314]
Hadrian visits Britain, [261];
strengthens the Limes Trans-Rhenanus, [264]
and the Parthians, [267],
as Emperor, [275], [276],
life under, [279],
freedom of letters under, [163], [289],
and Greek art, [293],
and law, [299];
and the army, [310]
Hadrian, wall of, [261]
Hadrian’s villa, [296]
Hamilcar, [49]
Hannibal, genius of, [47],
and foreign conquest, [49];
becomes leader of the Carthaginians, [50];
his greatness and character, [50],
march over the Alps, [50];
as a strategist, [51],
defeats, [52], [53],
Antiochus and, [56]
Harbour dues, [61]
Harbours,