FIG. 2.
THE TEMPLE OF MATER MATUTA, ROME
Plate XLIV.
The Provinces
Turning now to a rapid survey of the Roman world from a geographical point of view we shall see the work of restoration and repair, proceeding with the same methodical thoroughness which makes this regime one of the most beneficent in the history of civilisation. We have already seen something of the provincial system as it was reorganised in 27 B.C. The provinces which fell to the share of the senate were these:
- Asia.
- Africa.
- Gallia Narbonensis (transferred to the senate in 22 B.C.)
- Hispania Bætica.
- Crete with the Cyrenaica.
- Macedonia with Achaia.
- Bithynia with Pontus.
- Cyprus (also transferred to the senate in 22 B.C.).
- Dalmatia (until the revolt of 11 B.C.).
- Sardinia with Corsica.
- Sicily.
These were governed by annual magistrates, chosen by lot from a list selected by the senate—the first two by proconsuls of consular rank, the others also by governors termed proconsuls but actually only of prætorian rank, that is, ex-prætors. Africa was the only one of these provinces which contained troops and the senatorial governors went out in civilian dress as administrators only. Cæsar’s provinces were:
- Spain.
- Gaul.
- Syria with Cilicia and, until 22 B.C., Cyprus.
To these were gradually added:
- Germania.
- Illyricum, including Dalmatia and Pannonia.
- Galatia, including Lycaonia, Pamphylia, Pisidia, and part of Cilicia, with Paphlagonia added in 5 B.C.