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Richard de Widvile = Jacquetta of Luxembourg, Seneschal of Normandy. | widow of Duke of Bedford. Earl Rivers 1466. | Beheaded 1469. | | +-----------------------+-----------+-----------+----------+ | | | | | Anthony = Elizabeth, John, Lionel, Richard, | Lord heiress of Beheaded Bishop of 2nd Earl | Scales. Lord Scales. 1469. Salisbury. Rivers. | Earl Rivers. | Guardian | of Edward V. | Beheaded | 1483. | | +-----------------------------------+ | +----------+------------+----------------------+ | | | 2. Edward IV. = Elizabeth = 1. Sir John Margaret = Fitz-Alan, | | | Grey a Earl of | | | Lancastrian. Arundel. | | | Died at St. | +----------------+ | Albans 1455. | | | | | +-----------------------+ | | + +--------------------------+ | | | | | | | | +---------------------+--------+------------+ | | | | | | | Mary = Earl of Katherine = 2d Duke of Anne = Lord Bouchier. | | Huntingdon. Buckingham. = Earl of Kent. | | = Jaspar Tudor. = Sir Anthony | | = Sir Richard Wingfield. | | Wingfield. | | | +----------------------------+ | | | +------------+--------------+ | | | | Thomas, 1st = Cecily Sir Richard Grey | Marquis of | Bonvile. Beheaded 1483. | Dorset, | | escaped to | | Brittany | | 1483. Restored | | by Henry VII. | | Died 1501. | | | | | | Thomas Grey = Margaret Wotton. | 2nd Marquis of Dorset. | | A great General under | | Henry VIII. Died 1530. | | | | Henry Grey = Lady Frances Brandon, | 3rd Marquis of | daughter of Henry | Dorset. Duke | VII.’s daughter Mary. | of Suffolk. | | Beheaded 1554. | | | | +--------------------+-------+ | | | | Lady Jane Grey = Guildford Katherine = Edward | Dudley. Seymour. | +----------------------------+ | | +------+-----+----------+-------+----------------------+ | | | | | Edward V. | Elizabeth = Henry VII. | | | | | | Katherine = Sir William Anne = Duke of Richard, | Courteney, Norfolk. Duke of | Earl of Devon. York. | Suspected of | treasonable | intercourse with | Edmund de la Pole. | Imprisoned till | 1509. Died 1512. | Edward Courtenay. Marquis = Gertrude Blount, of Exeter. Involved in | daughter of Henry Pole’s conspiracy. | Lord Mountjoy. Beheaded 1539. | | Edward Courtenay, Imprisoned from 1539 to 1553. Proposed as a husband for Elizabeth, 1554. In Wyatt’s rebellion. Died at Padua 1566.

[ENGLAND BEFORE THE CONQUEST.]

Departure of the Romans.

The dominion of the Romans in Britain had been complete. The country, as far as the Frith of Forth, had been brought under Roman civilization. But in England, as elsewhere, the continuance of that form of civilization had produced weakness; and the unconquered Britons of the North, known by the name of Picts, broke into the Romanized districts, and pushed their incursions far into the centre of the country. On all sides, the nations outside the Empire were breaking through its limits and threatening its existence. The danger which threatened the very heart of the Empire, from the advance of the Goths into Italy, compelled the Romans in 411 to withdraw their legions from Britain, and leave the inhabitants of the island to fight their own battles with the Picts. When these enemies formed an alliance with the pirates of Ireland, known by the name of the Scots, and with the German pirates of the North Sea, known as English or Saxons, the civilized Britons were unable to make head against them, and found it necessary to seek for aid among the invaders themselves They therefore made an arrangement with two Jutish chiefs or Ealdormen, Hengist and Horsa, to come to their assistance. The German rovers consisted of three nations—the Saxons, the inhabitants of Holstein, who had advanced along the coast of Friesland; to the north of them the Angles or English, who inhabited Sleswig; and still further to the north, the Jutes, whose name is still perpetuated in the promontory of Jutland.

The Jutish settlement in Kent. 449.

The Saxons in Sussex. 477-495.