[Patagonia], S.A. 39S. 60W. Discovered by Magalhaes, 1519; R. de Isola the first to traverse the country, 1535; Drake off, 1578; Cook, 1774; many later explorers, among them Darwin (see 'Voyage of the Beagle') and Capt. Mayne, 1866-8.
Patapsco, river, Maryland. 39N. 76W. Explored by John Smith, 1608.
[Paulus Hook] (now Jersey City). 40N. 74W. Captured by Americans, 1779 (W. of Ind.).
Paxton, Penn. 40N. 76W. 'Boys' of massacre Indians at Conestoga and Lancaster, 1763. (See Parkman, 'Pontiac,' op. cit.)
[Paysandu], Uruguay. 32S. 57W. Taken by assault by Brazilians, and subjected to a hideous pillage, and its defender Gomez murdered, 1865.
[Pennsylvania], U.S. 40N. 79W. One of the 13 original states of the Union; early colonies in of Swedes and Finns, 17th century; territory surrendered to English, 1664; granted by letters patent to Penn, 1681.
Penobscot, river, Maine. 44N. 68W. Navigated by George Weymouth, 1605.
Pepperell, Mass. 42N. 71W. Early home of Prescott, the historian.
[Pernambuco], Brazil. 7-9S. 35-44W. Colonised by Portuguese, 16th century; invaded by Dutch, 1630; insurrections in, 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries.
[Peru], S.A. 3-22S. 69-80W. Expedition to, under Andagoya, 1522; Pizarro first reaches, 1526; conquering expedition to landed at Tumbez, 1531. He found the empire divided between the two Incas, Huascar and Atahuallpa; the latter was strangled by Pizarro, 1532; Lima f. by conqueror, 1535; country settled by Gasca, 1548-50; Mendoza viceroy, 1551; Indian insurrection under Pumacagna, 1814; Spanish viceroy's forces heavily defeated at Maypo by San Martin, 1816; entry of San Martin, the Liberator, into Lima, and proclamation of independence, 1821; liberation of country assured by defeat of Spaniards at Ayacucho, 1824; finally evacuated by Spaniards, 1826; civil disturbances continual, and war with Spain, 1864 and 1866; treaty with Bolivia, 1873; and war with Chili, 1879-83; continued revolutions and hideous slaughter in the streets of Lima for three days, March 1895.