[Philadelphia], Penn. 39N. 75W. Early Swedish settlers in, who sold the land to W. Penn, 1682, when city was f.; first continental congress at, 1774; Declaration of Independence proclaimed at, 1776; taken by Lord Howe, 1777; evacuated by English, 1778; proclamation of close of W. of Ind., 1783; capital removed from to Washington, 1800. Bp. C. Brockden Brown (1771-1810); F. Hopkinson, satirist, A. of 'The Battle of the Kegs' (1737-91); Louisa M. Alcott (1832-88); Allibone, A. of the 'Dict. of Literature' (1816-89); Joseph Hopkins, A. of 'Hail Columbia' (1770-1842); Leland (Hans Breitmann) (1824-1903); H. H. Furness, editor of the Variorum Shakespeare (1833); F. R. Stockton (1834-1902); res. Benjamin Franklin, 1723-90, the year of his death.
[Pichincha], near Quito, Ecuador, 0. 78W. Victory of Sucré, Bolivar's lieutenant, 1822 (S. A. W. Ind.).
Pines, Isle of, W. Indies. 24N. 81W. Discovered by Columbus, and named by him Evangelista, 1494.
[Pittsburg], Penn. 40N. 80W. On site of Fort Duquesne (q.v.). Defeat of Braddock by the French and Indians, 1755; taken by English, 1758, who gave it its present name.
[Pittsburg Landing], Tennessee. 35N. 88W. Federals defeated, but Confederates finally forced to retire, April 6 and 7, 1862 (also known as battle of Shiloh).
[Piura], river, Peru. 5S. 80W. Crossed by Pizarro on his way inland, 1532.
[Plata], La, Rio de, S.A. 34S. 36W. Mouth discovered by Pinzon and Solís, 1508; Solís again at, 1515, and killed by natives; Cabot on, 1526, who named it as above, and f. S. Espiritu; Garcia arrived at mouth of the same year (see [Brazil]); Drake off, 1578.
[Plata], La. Silver mines in worked by Gonzalo Pizarro in 15th century; by Carbajal, 16th century; made a viceroyalty, 1778. (See [Argentine Republic].)
[Plattsburg], N.Y. 44N. 73W. British fleet defeated in Cumberland Bay, and English land force repulsed, by Americans, 1814.
Pleasant Grove, near Sabine Cross Roads, Louisiana. 31N. 93W. Confederates repulsed, 1864 (Civil W.).