A well-preserved example of Roman pugillares formed of two leaves of ivory, now in the Capitoline museum in Rome, is illustrated by Baumeister, Denkmäler, I. p. 355.

[6]

Lucian, who lived in the second century A.D., mentions (Vita Luc. II.) that when he was a boy he was in the habit of scraping the wax off his writing-tablets and using it to model little figures of men and animals. Probably he was not the only Roman school-boy who amused himself in this way.

[7]

Charcoal or crayon-holders of bronze with a spring clip and sliding ring, exactly like those now used, have been found in Pompeii. These and other writing materials are illustrated by Baumeister, Denkmäler, Vol. III. p. 1585.

[8]

An Athenian inscription (C. I. A. I. 32) mentions accounts and other documents written on πινάκια καὶ γραμματεῖα.

[9]

See, for example, a relief on the sarcophagus of a scriba librarius or library curator which is illustrated by Daremberg and Saglio, Dict. Ant. I. p. 708. The scribe is represented seated by his book-case armarium, on the shelves of which both volumina and codices are shown.

[10]