What is now called "foolscap paper" originally took its name from a paper-mark in the form of a fool's cap and bells, a device which was frequently used in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.

[247]

Some of Caxton's books, printed in Westminster, bear many different paper-marks of Germany and Flanders, even in the same volume.

[248]

Paper was also made at an early date in Constantinople, through its intimate relationship with the East. Hence the Monk Theophilus, writing in the eleventh century, calls linen-paper "Greek vellum," pergamena Graeca; see I. 24.

[249]

This old paper is almost as stout, tough and durable as parchment—very unlike modern machine-made paper.

[250]

The size was made by boiling down shreds of vellum. Blotting-paper is paper that has not been sized. A coarse grey variety was used as early as the fifteenth century, though, as a rule, fine sand was used for this purpose till about the middle of the present century, especially on the Continent.

[251]