Now I ask any unbiased reader whether these depositions, in each case uncorroborated, are such as to carry conviction to any reasonable man? Yet the whole of the “proofs” adduced as to Belgian atrocities are of this character.
The Massacres—Andenne.
When we come to the justification alleged for the wholesale massacres of communities the evidence is even more suspicious. In order to prove the Belgians unspeakable knaves the German Government have to present them as incredible fools. At Andenne, “a small town of a population of about 8,000 people,” there were affrays in which “about 200 inhabitants lost their lives.”[23] According to the German document, “two infantry regiments and a Jäger battalion” were marching through this place when they were set upon by the inhabitants. Two regiments and a battalion would constitute the greater part of a brigade; they must have amounted to at least 7,000 men.[24] We are asked to believe that this small unprotected community (one of the German witnesses expressly says, “I did not see one single French or Belgian soldier in the entire town or the environs”)[25] made an unprovoked attack on this overwhelming force, and that the women assisted with pots of scalding water. Two hundred of the civilians were, by the German admission, shot. The German losses were, it is added, “singularly small.” So singularly small were they that the German Report omits even to enumerate them.
Jamoigne and Tintigny.
In another case—the village of Jamoigne—an ammunition column halted for water. The attitude of the population “was friendly; water, coffee, and tobacco were offered to some non-commissioned officers and men.” Suddenly, while part of the population are standing outside their doors fully exposed, “a general shooting” is opened upon the crowd in the streets from the roofs and windows of the houses.[26] Is it intrinsically probable that Belgian civilians would be so careless of the lives of their fellow-citizens? Or take the case of Tintigny. An artillery ammunition column is welcomed, “apparently with the best goodwill,” assisted to water its horses, and then (but not before) “when the horses had been again harnessed” and the opportunity for a surprise attack had passed, the inhabitants opened fire on the whole column.[27] Statements like these carry their own refutation with them.
The Tragedy of Dinant.
I turn to the case of Dinant, one of the most appalling massacres that have ever been perpetrated,[28] even by the hordes of Kultur. No attempt is made to deny the wholesale slaughter; it is freely admitted, and with sanguinary iteration we are told again and again “a fairly large number of persons were shot, “all the male hostages assembled against the garden wall were shot.” Such battues occur on page after page.[29] What is the German excuse? It is that the civilian population offered a desperate resistance. To prove how desperate it was, and consequently to establish the “military necessity,” it has to be conceded that they were organised. But this is proving too much, for “organised” civilian combatants are entitled to the privileges of lawful belligerents. Therefore it is argued that they were “without military badges”: this phrase occurs with a curious lack of variation in the words of each witness. It is added that women and “children (including girls) of ten or twelve years” were armed with revolvers! “Elderly women,” “a white-haired old man,” fired with insensate fury. None the less—says one ingenuous German witness—“the people had all got a very high opinion of Germany.” At intervals during the engagement not only were groups of civilians, alleged to have arms in their hands, shot in groups, but unarmed civilians were shot—“all the male hostages.” In other words the whole of the German defence that the German troops were punishing illicit francs-tireurs is suddenly abandoned. Tiring apparently of these laboured inventions, the German staff, in a grim and sombre sentence, suddenly throws off the mask:
“In judging the attitude which the troops of the 12th Corps took against such a population, our starting point must be that the tactical object of the 12th Corps was to cross the Meuse with speed, and to drive the enemy from the left bank of the Meuse; speedily to overcome the opposition of the inhabitants who were working in direct opposition to this was to be striven for in every way.... Hostages were shot at various places and this procedure is amply justified.”[30]
It has been estimated that about eight hundred civilians perished in this massacre. The German White Book freely concedes that the number was large; indeed by a simple process of induction from the German evidence it is clear that it was very large. It appears that a whole Army Corps (the 1st Royal Saxon) was engaged and that the armed troops of the Allies were encountered in force. The German troops received a check and it seems fairly obvious that they simply wreaked their vengeance, as they have so often done, on an unoffending population, presumably in order to intimidate the enemy in the field. Not for the first time they attempted to do by terror what they could not do by force of arms.