[967] By decree of June, 1755. Conde da Carnota, The Marquis of Pombal, as cited, p. 40.

[968] Rio-Branco, p. 132.

[969] As to which see Rio-Branco, p. 149.

[970] Id. p. 148.

[971] As to this see the author's Dynamics of Religion, pp. 24-27; and Short History of Freethought, 2nd ed. i, 375 sq.

[972] Stephens, pp. 348, 376.

[973] This is very trenchantly set forth in one of the writings of the Marquis of Pombal, given by Carnota in his memoir, pp. 75-77. Pombal was on this head evidently a disciple of the French physiocrats, or of Montesquieu, who lucidly embodies their doctrines on money (Esprit des Lois, 1748, xxi, 22; xxii, 1 sq.). On the general question of the impoverishment of Portugal by her American gold and silver mines, cp. Carnota pp. 4, 72-73, 207.

[974] This has been repeatedly suggested. See the pamphlet of Guilherme J.C. Henriquez (W.J. C. Henry) on Portugal, 1880.

[975] This had been several times proposed in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries (Rio-Branco, p. 154).

[976] Rio-Branco, p. 163.