[1005] As to which see Earle, Philology of the English Tongue, 3rd ed. pp. 54-66.
[1006] This is explicitly admitted by Buckle (3-vol. ed. ii, 118; 1-vol. ed. p. 352), though he does not thereafter speak consistently on the subject.
[1007] Cp. Buckle, as last cited; Green. History (the larger), 1885, i. 300.
[1008] Stubbs, iii, 606.
[1009] Karl Hegel notes (Städte und Gilden der germanischen Völker im Mittelalter, pp. 33-34) that the Anglo-Saxon gilds seem to have had no connection with towns or communes, and that their societies might serve as a type for any class-association.
[1010] Cp. Green, Short History, ch. iv, § 4, pp. 192, 193; ch. vi, § 3, p. 285; Prof. Ashley, Introd. to English Economic History, 1888-93, i, 71, 75, 85, 87, 89; ii, 12, 14, 19, 49. Prof. Ashley notes a great change for the better in the fifteenth century (work cited, ii, 6), and a further advance in the sixteenth (ii, 42).
[1011] Cp. J.H. Round, The Commune of London, 1899, p. 224.
[1012] "After Crécy and Calais, Edward felt himself strong enough to disregard the Commons.... His power was for the most part great or small, as his foreign policy was successful or disastrous" (Pearson, English History in the Fourteenth Century, pp. 224, 225). See also Stubbs, iii, 608; and compare the case of Henry V.
[1013] Cp. Prof. Ashley, i, 88.
[1014] As to Flemish influence on early English progress, see Prof. Thorold Rogers, Industrial and Commercial History of England, 1892, pp. 10, 11, 301-303.