Scholl (Aurélien), French journalist, b. Bordeaux, 14 July, 1833. He began life as a writer on the Corsaire, founded Satan, Le Nain Jaune, etc., and writes on l’Evénement. Has written several novels, and le Procès de Jésus Christ, ’77.
Scholl (Karl), German writer and preacher to the Free religious bodies of Mannheim and Heidelberg, b. Karlsruhe, 17 Aug. 1820. He became a minister ’44, but was suspended for his free opinions in ’45. His first important work was on the Messiah Legend of the East (Hamburg, ’52), and in ’61 he published a volume on Free Speech, a collection of extracts from French, English, and American Freethinkers. In ’70 he started a monthly journal of the Religion of Humanity, Es Werde Licht! which continued for many years. Has published many discourses, and written Truth from Ruins, ’73, and on Judaism and the Religion of Humanity, ’79.
Schopenhauer (Arthur), German pessimist philosopher, b. Danzig, 22 Feb. 1788. The son of a wealthy and well-educated merchant and a vivacious lady, he was educated in French and English, and studied at Göttingen science, history, and the religions and philosophies of the East. After two visits to Italy, and an unsuccessful attempt to obtain pupils at Berlin, he took up his abode at Frankfort. In 1815 he wrote his chief work, The World as Will and Idea, translated into English in ’83. His philosophy is expressed in the title, will is the one reality, all else appearance. He also wrote The Two Ground Problems of Ethics, ’61, On the Freedom of Will, and a collection of essays entitled Parega and Paralipomena (’51). Died at Frankfort, 21 Sept. 1860. Schopenhauer was a pronounced Atheist, and an enemy of every form of superstition. He said that religions are like glow-worms; they require darkness to shine in.
Schroeter (Eduard), German American writer, b. Hannover, 4 June, 1810, studied theology at Jena; entered the Free-religious communion in ’45. In ’50, he went to America, living since ’53 in Sauk City, and frequently lecturing there. In ’81, he attended the International Conference of Freethinkers at Brussels. He was a constant contributor to the Freidenker, of Milwaukee, until his death 2 April, 1888.
Schroot (A.), German author of Visions and Ideas (Berlin, 1865), Natural Law and Human Will; Creation and Man, and Science and Life (Hamburg, 1873).
Schuenemann Pott (Friedrich), German American, b. Hamburg, 3 April, 1826. He joined the “Freie Gemeinde,” and was expelled from Prussia in ’48. After the Revolution he returned to Berlin and took part in democratic agitation, for which he was tried for high treason, but acquitted. In ’54 he removed to America, where he made lecturing tours over the States settling at San Francisco.
Schultze (Karl August Julius Fritz), German writer, b. Celle, 7 May, 1846, studied at Jena, Göttingen and Münich, has written an able study on Fetishism, Leipzig ’71, a pamphlet on Religion in German Schools, ’72, a History of the Philosophy of the Renaissance, ’74, and Kant and Darwin, ’75. In ’76, he was appointed Professor of Philosophy in Jena, since which he has written The Elements of Materialism, ’80, Philosophy of the Natural Sciences, 2 vols. ’81–82, and Elements of Spiritualism, 1883.
Schumann (Robert Alexander), German musical composer, b. Nekau, 8 July, 1810. He studied law at Leipsic, but forsook it for music. He started a musical journal ’34, which he edited for some years. His lyrical compositions are unsurpassed, and he also composed a “profane” oratorio, Paradise and the Peri (’40). His character and opinions are illustrated by his Letters. Died 29 July, 1856.
Schweichel (Georg Julius Robert), German writer, b. Königsberg, 12 July, 1821. He studied jurisprudence, but took to literature. Taking part in the events of ’48, after the reaction he went to Switzerland. Has written several novels dealing with Swiss life, also a Life of Auerbach. He wrote the preface to Dulk’s Irrgang des Leben’s Jesu, 1884.
Schweitzer (Jean Baptista von), German Socialist poet, b. Frankfort, 12 July, 1833. He studied law in Berlin and Heidelberg; became after Lassalle’s death president of the German Workmen’s Union, and was sent to Parliament in ’67. He wrote the Zeitgeist and Christianity, ’62, The Darwinians, ’75, and several other works. Died 28 July, 1875.